Methods for identifying modulators of Ras using nonlinear techniques
Provided herein are compositions and methods for identifying and detecting modulators of Ras protein conformational states through the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) technology. Also provided herein are methods for detecting a conformational changes in the three dimensional structure of a protein bound to a supported lipid bilayer.
1. A method for identifying an agent that induces a conformational change of a target protein, the method comprising:
a. contacting the target protein with the agent, wherein the target protein is bound to a binding partner, and wherein the binding partner is selected from the group consisting of a second harmonic generation (SHG)-active labeled GDP, an SHG-active labeled GDP analog, an SHG-active labeled GTP, and an SHG-active labeled GTP analog that has a net orientation at an interface; and
b. detecting a conformational change in the structure of the target protein induced when the agent binds to the target protein by analyzing a detectable signal generated by the SHG-active label using a surface selective technique.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target protein is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target protein is a wild type or mutant Ras protein.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interface is selected from the group consisting of a glass surface, a polyethylene glycol surface, a supported lipid bilayer surface, a lipid analog bilayer surface, a plastic surface, a metal surface, a latex surface, a rubber surface, a ceramic surface, a polymeric surface, a polypropylene surface, a polyvinylidene difluoride surface, and a polyethylene surface.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the interface is derivatized with oligo-PEG molecules or lipids.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the oligo-PEG molecules or lipids are Ni-NTA-bearing oligo-PEG molecules or Ni-NTA-bearing lipids.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the interface is a supported lipid bilayer or a lipid analog bilayer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target protein comprises an affinity tag.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is a small molecule chemical compound, an antibody, a non-antibody polypeptide, a carbohydrate, an inhibitory nucleic acid, or any combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second harmonic generation (SHG)-active label is (1-(2-Maleimidylethyl)-4-(5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)Oxazol-2-yl) Pyridinium Methanesulfonate) or PyMPO-succinimidyl ester.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the target protein comprises a His-tag.