Process for producing diene polymers
The invention describes a process for producing a diene polymer, the process comprising the following steps in this order: i) polymerizing one or more diene monomers in the presence of a catalyst composition to give a reaction mixture; ii) adding to the reaction mixture one or more alkoxysilane compounds; iii) adding S 2 Cl 2 , SCl 2 , SOCl 2 , S 2 Br 2 , SOBr 2 or a mixture thereof to the reaction mixture; and iv) optionally adding a protic agent to the reaction mixture so as to deactivate the catalyst. The invention further includes polymers that are obtainable according to this process, as well as products including the polymer.
1. Process for producing a diene polymer, the process comprising the following steps in this order:
i) polymerizing one or more diene monomers in the presence of a catalyst composition to give a reaction mixture; wherein the catalyst composition comprises one or more of a carboxylate, an alkyl phosphate, an alkyl phosphite, an alcoholate, an amide and a hydrocarbyl compound of a rare earth element having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table, and at least one activator compound, or a reaction product of the at least one activator compound and the carboxylate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl phosphite, alcoholate, amide and/or hydrocarbyl compound of the rare earth element;
ii) adding to the reaction mixture one or more alkoxysilane compounds selected from the compounds represented by the following formulae (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) and (A5):
((R 1 O) q (R 2 ) r Si) s (A1)
wherein in formula (A1): Si is silicon and O is oxygen;
s is an integer selected from 1 and 2;
with the proviso that if s is 1, then q is an integer selected from 2, 3 and 4; r is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2; and q+r=4;
and if s is 2, then q is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3; r is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2; and q+r=3;
((R 3 O) t (R 4 ) u Si) 2 O (A2)
wherein in formula (A2): Si and O are as defined above;
t is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3;
u is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2;
and t+u=3;
(R 5 O) w (R 6 ) x Si—R 7 —S—SiR 8 3 (A3)
wherein in formula (A3): Si and O are as defined above, and S is sulfur;
w is an integer selected from 2 and 3;
x is an integer selected from 0 and 1;
and w+x=3;
(R 9 O) y (R 10 ) z Si—R 11 —N(SiR 12 3 ) 2 (A4)
wherein in formula (A4): Si and O are as defined above, and N is nitrogen;
y is an integer selected from 2 and 3;
z is an integer selected from 0 and 1;
and y+z=3;
(Si(OR 13 ) 3 ) 2 (Si(OR 14 ) 2 ) p (A5)
wherein in formula (A5): Si and O are as defined above;
p is an integer selected from 1 to 10;
and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 13 and R 14 in the above formulae (A1) to (A5) independently are selected from: (C 6 -C 21 ) aryl, (C 7 -C 22 ) alkylaryl and (C 1 -C 16 ) alkyl; and R 7 and R 11 in formulae (A3) and (A4) independently are a divalent (C 6 -C 21 ) aryl group, a divalent (C 7 -C 22 ) alkylaryl group, or a divalent (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylen group;
iii) adding S 2 Cl 2 , SCl 2 , S 2 Br 2 , SOBr 2 or a mixture thereof to the reaction mixture; and
iv) optionally adding a protic agent to the reaction mixture so as to deactivate the catalyst.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more diene monomer comprises at least one of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene or a mixture thereof.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 in formulae (A1) to (A5) independently from each other are C 1-8 alkyl groups.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein groups R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 9 , R 13 and R 14 in formulae (A1) to (A5) independently from each other are C 1-4 alkyl groups.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the rare earth element is one or more of lanthanum, praseodymium, cerium, neodymium, gadolinium and dysprosium.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises a neodymium carboxylate.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the activator compound comprises dialkylaluminum hydride according to general formula (A6) and a Lewis acid:
R 15 2 AlH (A6)
wherein both groups R 15 in formula (A6) independently from each other are C 1-10 alkyl groups.
8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the Lewis acid is an alkyl aluminum chloride selected from alkyl aluminum sesquichloride, dialkyl aluminum chloride and alkyl aluminum dichloride.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein S 2 Cl 2 , SCl 2 , S 2 Br 2 , SOBr 2 or the mixture thereof is added in an amount of less than 0.05 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of diene polymer.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more alkoxysilane compounds are selected from the compounds represented by formulae (A1), (A2), (A3) and (A4).
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more alkoxysilane compounds are selected from the compounds represented by formulae (A1) and (A3).
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more alkoxysilane compounds are selected from (CH 3 O) 4 Si, ((CH 3 O) 3 Si) 2 and (CH 3 O) 3 Si—(CH 2 ) 3 —S—Si(CH 3 ) 2 C(CH 3 ) 3 .
13. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the additional step v): adding oil and/or a filler.
14. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the additional step vi): adding a vulcanizing agent and vulcanizing the polymer.