Separator, battery, battery pack, electronic apparatus, electric vehicle, electric storage device, and power system
View Patent ↗A separator includes a substrate layer and a porous surface layer that is provided on at least one major surface of the substrate layer and contains a first particle, a second particle, and a resin material. The surface layer includes a first region configured by the first particle and a second region configured by the second particle and the resin material.
1. A separator comprising:
a porous substrate layer; and
a porous surface layer that is provided on at least one major surface of the substrate layer and contains first particles, second particles, and a resin material, the first particles having an average particle size that is less than an average particle size of the second particles,
wherein the surface layer has a concave and convex surface profile including
a first region having a convex surface profile portion that includes at least the first particles, and
a second region having a concave surface profile portion and includes the second particles and the resin material.
2. The separator according to claim 1 , wherein
the first particle contains microparticles whose average particle size of a primary particle is at least 1 nm and at most 500 nm, and
the second particle contains a particle whose average particle size of a primary particle is at least 0.01 μm and at most 3.0 μm.
3. The separator according to claim 2 , wherein
the first particle is a secondary particle arising from aggregation of the microparticles, and
average particle size of the secondary particle is at least 3.0 μm.
4. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
the first particle collapses to be crushed into an ellipsoidal shape.
5. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
at least part of a surface of the first particle is covered by the second particle.
6. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
the first particle collapses at time of press at 100 kg/cm 2 , and
a compression rate of the surface layer after the press at 100 kg/cm 2 is at least 40%.
7. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
a volume ratio of the second particle is at least 10% with respect to a total volume of the first particle and the second particle.
8. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
thickness of the second region is at least 1.5 μm.
9. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
the first particle functions as a spacer and particle height of the first particle is substantially equal to thickness of the surface layer.
10. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
the second region has a porous structure formed by the second particle and the resin material.
11. The separator according to claim 3 , wherein
the substrate layer is a polyolefin microporous membrane.
12. A battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode;
an electrolyte; and
a separator, wherein
the separator includes
a porous substrate layer, and
a porous surface layer that is provided on at least one major surface of the substrate layer and contains first particles, second particles, and a resin material, the first particles having an average particle size that is less than an average particle size of the second particles, and
wherein the surface layer has a concave and convex surface profile including
a first region having a convex surface profile portion that includes at least the first particle, and
a second region having a concave surface profile portion and includes the second particle and the resin material.
13. The battery according to claim 12 , wherein
the anode contains, as an anode active material, an alloy-based anode material containing at least one kind of a metallic element and a metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium as a constituent element.
14. The battery according to claim 13 , wherein
the alloy-based anode material contains tin as the constituent element.
15. A battery pack comprising:
the battery according to claim 12 ;
a control section that controls the battery; and
an exterior package that includes the battery.
16. Electronic apparatus comprising
the battery according to claim 12 , wherein
the electronic apparatus receives supply of power from the battery.
17. An electric vehicle comprising:
the battery according to claim 12 ;
a conversion unit that receives supply of power from the battery and converts the power to driving force of the vehicle; and
a control unit that executes information processing relating to vehicle control based on information relating to the battery.
18. An electric storage device comprising
the battery according to claim 12 , wherein
the electric storage device supplies power to electronic apparatus connected to the battery.
19. The electric storage device according to claim 18 , further comprising
a power information control unit that transmits and receives a signal to and from another piece of apparatus via a network, wherein
the electric storage device carries out charge/discharge control of the battery based on information received by the power information control unit.
20. A power system in which supply of power is received from the battery according to claim 12 or power is supplied to the battery from electric generating equipment or a power network.