Catalyst Compositions Comprising In Situ Grown Zeolites on Clay Matrixes Exhibiting Hierarchical Pore Structures
A process for making a catalytic system for converting solid biomass into fuel of specialty chemical products is disclosed. The process includes preparing a slurry precursor mixture by mixing an aluminosilicate clay material with a pore regulating agent and optionally a binder, shaping the mixture into shaped bodies; removing the pore regulating agent to form porous shaped bodies, preparing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising the porous shaped bodies in presence of a zeolite seeding material, and thermally treating the aqueous reaction mixture to form the catalyst system. The catalyst system can comprise, for example, a MFI-type zeolite.
1 . A method of making a biomass catalytic cracking catalyst system, the method comprising the steps of:
a. preparing a slurry precursor mixture by mixing an aluminosilicate clay material with a pore regulating agent and optionally a binder;
b. shaping the mixture into shaped bodies;
c. removing the pore regulating agent to form porous shaped bodies;
d. preparing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising the porous shaped bodies in presence of a seeding material;
e. thermally treating the aqueous reaction mixture to form the catalyst system; and
f. contacting the catalyst system with biomass particles.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the pore regulating agent is removed by calcination.
3 . The method of claim 1 further comprising calcining the catalyst system before the contacting step.
4 . The method of claim 1 further comprising contacting the catalyst system with biomass-derived oils.
5 . The method of claim 1 further comprising contacting the catalyst system with bio-oil or bio-oil vapors.
6 . The method of claim 1 further comprising leaching the porous shaped bodies.
7 . The method of claim 6 wherein the step of leaching includes treating the porous shaped bodies with an acid to remove at least part of the alumina content.
8 . The method of claim 6 wherein the step of leaching includes treating the porous shaped bodies with a base to remove at least part of the silica content.
9 . The method of claim 6 wherein the step of leaching includes treating the porous shaped bodies with an acid to remove at least part of the alumina content and with a base to remove at least part of the silica content.
10 . The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture of step (a) is a homogeneous mixture.
11 . The method of claim 1 wherein the porous shaped bodies have a median pore size in the range of from about 50 to about 5,000 angstrom.
12 . The method of claim 1 wherein the step of shaping comprises spray drying, extrusion, pelletizing, sphereizing, or combinations thereof.
13 . The method of claim 1 wherein the pore regulating agent is an organic material selected from the group consisting of compounds containing cellulosic type, starch, sawdust, corn flour, wood flour, shortgum, gums, corn stover, sugar bagasse, plastic, resin, rubber, carbohydrates, organic polymers, and mixtures thereof.
14 . The method of claim 1 wherein the pore regulating agent is an inorganic material selected from the group of saponite, halloysite, diatomite, delaminated kaolinite, diatomaceous earth, sepiolite, attapulgite or mixtures thereof.
15 . The method of claim 1 wherein the pore regulating agent is combustible.
16 . The method of claim 1 wherein the pore regulating agent is water soluble.
17 . The method of claim 3 wherein the calcination step is carried out at a temperature from about 200° C. to about 1,200° C. for a time from about 0.1 hour to about 100 hours.
18 . The method of claim 3 wherein the calcination step is carried out at about 1,000° C.
19 . The method of claim 1 wherein the aluminosilicate clay material is subjected to acid leaching to remove part of the alumina.
20 . The method of claim 1 wherein the aluminosilicate clay material is a kaolin clay.
21 . The method of claim 1 wherein step (e) is carried out at a temperature from about 80° C. to about 250° C. for a time from about 0.5 hours to about 50 hours.
22 . The method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst system comprises the aluminosillicate and a zeolite.
23 . The method of claim 1 wherein the seeding material is an organic seed material, an inorganic seed material, a MFI seed material or combinations thereof
24 . The method of claim 22 wherein the zeolite is a MFI-type zeolite.
25 . The method of claim 22 wherein the zeolite is selected form the group consisting of ZSM zeolite, beta zeolite and mixtures thereof.
26 . The method of claim 1 wherein the binder material is a silicate, a phosphate, an alumina, a silica-alumina or mixtures thereof.
27 . The method of claim 6 wherein the leaching of step is followed by a filtering and washing step.
28 . The method of claim 1 wherein step (d) is in presence of sodium silicate, alumina, or combinations thereof.
29 . The method of claim 1 wherein the aluminosilicate clay material comprises calcined clay, hydrated clay, delaminated clay, dealuminated clay, desilicated clay or a combination thereof.
30 . The method of claim 1 further comprising ion-exchanging the shaped bodies to replace sodium ions with ammonium ions, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, noble metals or rare earth metals.
31 . The method of claim 30 wherein ions in the shaped bodies are exchanged with metal ions selected from the group of K, Ca, Mg, Ba, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mo, La, Ce or mixtures thereof.
32 . The method of claim 30 further comprising subjecting the ion-exchanged shaped bodies to calcination.
33 . The method of claim 6 wherein the step of leaching is prior to the step of removing the pore regulating agent or after the step of removing the pore regulating agent.
34 . A method of making a biomass catalytic cracking catalyst system, the method comprising the steps of:
a. preparing a slurry precursor mixture by mixing an aluminosilicate clay material with a binder material and a pore regulating agent;
b. shaping the mixture into shaped bodies;
c. removing the pore regulating agent to form porous shaped bodies;
d. leaching the porous shaped bodies to form modified shaped bodies;
e. preparing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising the modified shaped bodies in presence of a seeding material; and
f. thermally treating the aqueous reaction mixture to form the catalyst system.
35 . The method of claim 34 further comprising mixing the catalytic cracking catalyst system with biomass particles.
36 . The method of claim 34 further comprising mixing the catalytic cracking catalyst system with biomass derived vapors.
37 . The method of claim 34 further comprising mixing the catalytic cracking catalyst system with bio-oil or bio-oil vapors.
38 . The method of claim 34 wherein the catalyst system comprises MFI-type zeolite.
39 . A process for catalytic thermolysis of cellulosic biomass, the process comprising heating the cellulosic biomass to a conversion temperature in presence of the catalyst system prepared according to the process of claim 1 .
40 . The process of claim 39 wherein the catalyst system comprises a MFI-type zeolite.
41 . A composition for the conversion of biomass comprising:
a. a catalyst system comprising in situ grown zeolites into a aluminosilicate clay matrix having a hierarchical pore structure ranging from about 50 to about 5,000 angstrom; and
b. a feedstock having a carbon 14 C isotope content of about 107 pMC.
42 . The composition of claim 41 wherein the zeolite is a MFI-type zeolite.
43 . The composition of claim 41 wherein the clay is kaolin clay.
44 . The composition of claim 41 wherein the feedstock is a particulated biomass, or is a product derived from pyrolysis of biomass.
45 . The composition of claim 41 wherein the feedstock is a bio-oil vapor or a bio-oil.