Current generator and method for generating current pulses
A method for generating current pulses and a current generator having a plurality of secondary stages. Each secondary stage has a DC voltage source and a switching circuit having four switches, connected together so as to form a line. One secondary stage being designated as a regulator stage has a regulator circuit having a smoothing inductor, a switch arranged between a terminal of the smoothing inductor and the DC voltage source, and a circuit for connecting the terminal of the smoothing inductor to the switching circuit when the switch of the regulator circuit is in a locked state. A control circuit of the current generator controls the switches of the switching circuits and the switch of the regulator circuit.
1. A current generator for supplying regulated-intensity current pulses to terminals of a load, comprising:
a plurality of secondary stages, each secondary stage comprising:
a DC voltage source isolated from DC voltage sources of other secondary stages;
a switching circuit comprising four switches disposed as two half-bridges, each formed from two switches mounted in series between terminals of the voltage source;
wherein the switching circuits are interconnected to form a chain, a midpoint of a half-bridge of each secondary stage being connected to a midpoint of a half-bridge of a secondary stage downstream in the chain, each of two secondary stages at ends of the chain comprising the midpoint of a half-bridge configured to connect to a terminal of the load;
wherein one of said plurality of secondary stages is designated as a regulator stage, comprises, between the DC voltage source and the switching circuit, a regulator circuit comprising a smoothing inductor, a switch disposed between a terminal of the smoothing inductor and the DC voltage source, and a circuit connecting the terminal of the smoothing inductor to the switching circuit when the switch of the regulator circuit is in an OFF state;
a control circuit, during a generation of a current pulse, configured to:
control the switches of the switching circuits of the secondary stages to dispose in series the DC voltage sources of a group of secondary stages, including the regulator stage, selected according to a current intensity reference value;
isolate the DC voltage sources of unselected secondary stages; and
control successive switching of the switch of the regulator circuit to regulate an intensity of a current flowing in the load around the current intensity reference value.
2. The current generator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control circuit, between generation of two current pulses, is configured to control the switching circuit of the regulator stage to set all the switches of a half-bridge to an ON state; and to control successive switching of the switch of the regulator circuit to regulate the intensity of a current flowing in the switching circuit of the regulator stage around a non-zero value.
3. The current generator as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the control circuit, between the generation of the two current pulses, is configured to regulate the intensity of the current flowing in the switching circuit of the regulator stage around the current intensity reference value.
4. The current generator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the regulator stage comprises, between the DC voltage source and the switching circuit, a plurality of regulator circuits mounted in parallel, each regulator circuit comprising:
a smoothing inductor;
a switch disposed between a terminal of the smoothing inductor and the DC voltage source,
a circuit for connecting the terminal of the smoothing inductor to the switching circuit when the switch of the regulator circuit is in the OFF state; and
wherein the control circuit, during a generation of a current pulse, is configured to control successive switching of respective switches of the regulator circuits of the regulator stage to regulate the intensity of the current flowing in the load around the current intensity reference value.
5. The current generator as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a number of the regulator circuits of the regulator stage is equal to two and the smoothing inductors of the two regulator circuits have same characteristics; and wherein the control circuit, during the generation of the current pulse, is configured to control the respective switches of the two regulator circuits such that when the switch of one of the regular circuits is in an ON state, the switch of other regulator circuit is in an OFF state, the respective switches of the two regulator circuits being controlled alternately to the ON state during successive time intervals of same duration.
6. The current generator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the switches of the switching circuits and the switch of the regulator circuit are insulated gate bipolar transistors.
7. The current generator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the DC voltage sources of the secondary stages have a staging of their respective output voltages.
8. A method for generating current pulses on terminals of a load, comprising the steps of:
generating a current pulse by a current generator comprising a plurality of secondary stages, each secondary stage comprising:
a DC voltage source isolated from DC voltage sources of other secondary stages;
a switching circuit comprising four switches disposed as two half-bridges, each formed from two switches mounted in series between terminals of the voltage source;
wherein the switching circuits are interconnected to form a chain, a midpoint of a half-bridge of each secondary stage being connected to a midpoint of a half-bridge of a secondary stage downstream in the chain, each of two secondary stages at ends of the chain comprising the midpoint of a half-bridge configured to connect to a terminal of the load; and
wherein one of said plurality of secondary stages is designated as a regulator stage, comprises, between the DC voltage source and the switching circuit, a regulator circuit comprising a smoothing inductor, a switch disposed between a terminal of the smoothing inductor and the DC voltage source, and a circuit connecting the terminal of the smoothing inductor to the switching circuit when the switch of the regulator circuit is in an OFF state;
controlling the generation of the current pulse by the current generator by:
selecting a group of secondary stages designated as active stages in accordance with a current intensity reference value, which includes the regulator stage;
controlling the switches of the switching circuits of the secondary stages to dispose in series the DC voltage sources of the active stages and to isolate the DC voltage sources of unselected secondary stages; and
controlling successive switching of the switch of the regulator circuit to regulate an intensity of a current flowing in the load around the current intensity reference value.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8 , between the generation of two current pulses, further comprising the steps of: controlling the switching circuit of the regulator stage to set all the switches of a half-bridge to an ON state; and controlling successive switching of the switch of the regulator circuit to regulate an intensity of a current flowing in the switching circuit of the regulator stage around a non-zero value.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the regulator stage comprises two regulator circuits mounted in parallel and respective smoothing inductors of the two regulator circuits has same characteristics; and further comprising the step of controlling the respective switches of the two regulator circuits during the generation of the current pulse such that when the switch of one of the regular circuits is in an ON state, the switch of other regulator circuit is in an OFF state, the respective switches of the two regulator circuits being controlled alternately to the ON state during successive time intervals of same duration.