Method for processing slags of non-ferrous metallurgy
View Patent ↗A method for processing slags containing iron and non-ferrous metals, to produce clean slag free of detrimental substances and non-ferrous metals and suitable for use as a raw material or construction material. Slag is reduced in a reduction furnace with the help of reducing agents so that at least 5% of the iron of the slag is reduced into metal. Some of the non-ferrous metals, such as zinc, lead, arsenic and cadmium, vaporize. The contents of the reduction furnace are continuously mixed to prevent separation of a metallic phase from the slag. The generated slag-metal mixture is tapped off from the reduction furnace, cooled, crushed and ground to a finer size. Finally, a metal fraction is separated from a clean slag.
1. A method for processing slag containing iron and non-ferrous metals, the method comprising the steps of:
feeding the slag into a reduction furnace;
reducing the slag in the reduction furnace by means of a reducing agent to convert at least some of the non-ferrous metals to metallic form, where reduction occurs at least until 5 mass-% of the iron has reduced into metal and at least some of the non-ferrous metals has vaporized;
mixing the contents of the reduction furnace during reduction to prevent settling of metal droplets from the slag;
tapping a molten slag-metal mixture generated in the reduction furnace;
cooling, crushing and grinding the slag-metal mixture;
processing the slag-metal mixture to separate a metal fraction from a remaining clean slag, where the remaining clean slag is suitable as raw material in a useful process.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein processing the slag-metal mixture comprises using at least one of the following methods: magnetic separation, gravitational separation, flotation, and screening.
3. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising:
feeding an exhaust gas from the reduction furnace to an oxidation process, where vaporized metals contained in the exhaust gas are oxidized to metal oxides;
after the oxidation process, feeding the exhaust gas to a cleaning process, where metal oxides and other solids are separated from the gas;
delivering the separated metal oxides to a further metallurgical process.
4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the cleaning process comprises at least one of scrubbing, using fabric filters, electric precipitation, and wet electric precipitation.
5. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
feeding an exhaust gas from the reduction furnace to an oxidation process, where vaporized metals contained in the exhaust gas are oxidized to metal oxides;
after the oxidation process, feeding the exhaust gas to a cleaning process, where metal oxides and other solids are separated from the gas;
delivering the separated metal oxides to a further metallurgical process.
6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the cleaning process comprises at least one of scrubbing, using fabric filters, electric precipitation, and wet electric precipitation.
7. A method according claim 1 , wherein the reduction furnace is at least one of an alternating current (AC) electric furnace, a direct current (DC) electric furnace, a top submerged lance (TSL) furnace, a Kaldo furnace, and a settler of a suspension smelting furnace.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein mixing of the contents of the reduction furnace comprises at least one of injection feeding of the reducing agent, feeding of the reducing agent through a hollow electrode, use of gaseous or gas generating reducing agents, feeding of inert gas through porous plugs mounted at the bottom of the furnace, and electromagnetic stirring.
9. A method according claim 1 , wherein reduction in the reduction furnace reduces 5-30% of the iron of the slag into metallic iron.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the reduction furnace is held between 1400° C. and 1500° C. during the reduction step.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the temperature in the reduction furnace is held at about 1450° C. during the reduction step.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the retention time in the reduction furnace is 0.5 hours to 2 hours.
13. The method according to claim 1 where the non-ferrous metals includes at least one of copper, nickel, zinc, lead, arsenic, and cadmium.
14. The method according to claim 1 where the non-ferrous metals converted in the reducing furnace to metallic form are different than the non-ferrous metals vaporized in the reducing furnace.
15. The method according to claim 14 where the non-ferrous metals converted in the reducing furnace to metallic form includes at least one of copper and nickel.
16. The method according to claim 14 where the non-ferrous metals vaporized in the reducing furnace includes at least one of zinc, lead, arsenic, and cadmium.
17. The method according to claim 16 where the non-ferrous metals converted in the reducing furnace to metallic form includes at least one of copper and nickel.