Display apparatus, method of manufacturing a display apparatus, electronic appliance, and method of driving a display apparatus

1. A display apparatus comprising:

a wiring pattern formed over a substrate;

a first insulating film which is laminated over the wiring pattern and in which a contact hole is formed in an up-down direction at a specified position;

lower electrodes, each formed over the first insulating film and including a contact portion that extends through the contact hole and is electrically connected to the wiring pattern, the lower electrode contact portions located in the contact hole being provided on an inner surface of the contact hole;

a light emitting layer formed over the lower electrodes, the light emitting layer being located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of each of the lower electrodes;

an upper electrode formed over the light emitting layer, the upper electrode being located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the light emitting layer; and;

a light emitting region regulating member regulating a light emitting region where the light emitting layer is interposed between the lower electrodes and the upper electrode as a region including the contact portion

wherein,

the lower electrodes contain a metal material and reflect light emitted from the light emitting layer, and

the upper electrode is a transparent electrode.

2. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a number of contact holes formed in the first insulating film is equal to a number of contact portions.

3. The display apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein a larger number of contact holes are formed in the first insulating film than a number of contact portions, and

wherein each of the lower electrodes further includes a dummy contact portion that is inserted through the contact hole but is not connected to the wiring pattern.

4. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the light emitting region divided into a plurality of parts corresponding to the lower electrodes is formed.

5. The display apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein each of the lower electrodes includes the contact portion at a position corresponding to any of the parts into which the light emitting region is divided.

6. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a pixel driving circuit that is electrically connected to the wiring pattern and allows a light emitting element including the light emitting layer to function as a capacitive element in a reverse bias.

7. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the light emitting region regulating member is laminated between the lower electrodes and the upper electrode and is a second insulating film in which an opening is formed in the light emitting region.

8. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the lower electrodes functions as the light emitting region regulating member by being formed in a region corresponding to the light emitting region.

9. The display apparatus according to claim 8 , further comprising a second insulating film that is laminated between the first insulating film and the lower electrodes and that has an opening formed at a specified position, wherein, the lower electrodes are erected along a side surface of the opening from above the first insulating film and reach an upper surface of the second insulating film.

10. The display apparatus according to claim 9 , further comprising a third insulating film that is laminated between the second insulating film and the light emitting layer and covers an end portion of each of the lower electrodes over the second insulating film.

11. The display apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein the light emitting layer includes at least a first light emitting layer that is formed in first regions over the substrate and emits light of a first color and a second light emitting layer that is formed in second regions over the substrate and emits light of a second color, and

wherein the layout pattern of the first regions and the second regions is reversed at every other region in a first direction over the substrate.

12. The display apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the first regions and the second regions are strip-like regions that extend in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction over the substrate.

13. The display apparatus according to claim 12 ,

wherein the first light emitting layer is formed in the first regions and the second regions, and

wherein the second light emitting layer is formed in the second regions overlapping the first light emitting layer.

14. The display apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer are both formed by vapor deposition.

15. The display apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a first light emitting layer that emits light of a first color and a second light emitting layer that emits light of a second color are formed entirely overlapping with each other and a charge generation layer is formed between the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer.

16. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:

forming a wiring pattern over a substrate;

laminating a first insulating film over the wiring pattern;

forming a contact hole in an up-down direction at a specified position over the first insulating film;

forming, over the first insulating film, a lower electrode including a contact portion that extends through the contact hole and is electrically connected to the wiring pattern, the lower electrode contact portion located in the contact hole being provided on an inner surface of the contact hole;

forming a light emitting layer over the lower electrode, the light emitting layer being located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the lower electrode;

forming an upper electrode over the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer being located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the lower electrode; and

regulating a light emitting region where the light emitting layer is interposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode as a region including the contact portion;

wherein,

the lower electrode contains a metal material and reflects light emitted from the light emitting layer, and

the upper electrode is a transparent electrode.

17. The method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein:

(a) forming the lower electrode includes

forming, over the first insulating film, a first lower electrode including a contact portion that is inserted through the contact hole and is electrically connected to the wiring pattern;

laminating a second insulating film over the first lower electrode and forming an opening at a specified position in the second insulating film; and

forming, over the second insulating film, a second lower electrode that is inserted through a side surface of the opening and is connected to the first lower electrode, and

(b) regulating the light emitting region regulates a region where the light emitting layer is interposed between the second lower electrode and the upper electrode as the light emitting region.

18. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:

forming a wiring pattern over a substrate;

laminating a first insulating film over the wiring pattern;

forming a contact hole in an up-down direction at a specified position in the first insulating film;

laminating a second insulating film over the first insulating film;

forming an opening that includes the contact hole at a specified position in the second insulating film;

forming, over the second insulating film, a lower electrode including a contact portion that extends through an opening and the contact hole and is electrically connected to the wiring pattern, the lower electrode contact portion located in the opening and the contact hole being provided on inner surfaces of the opening and the contact hole;

forming a light emitting layer over the lower electrode, the light emitting layer located in the opening and the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the lower electrode;

forming an upper electrode over the light emitting layer, the upper electrode located in the opening and the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the light emitting layer; and

regulating a light emitting region where the light emitting layer is interposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode as a region including the contact portion;

wherein,

the lower electrode contains a metal material, whereby light emitted from the light emitting layer is reflected by each of the lower electrode, and

the upper electrode is a transparent electrode.

19. An electronic appliance comprising a display apparatus including:

a wiring pattern formed over a substrate;

a first insulating film which is laminated over the wiring pattern and in which a contact hole is formed in an up-down direction at a specified position;

a lower electrode formed over the first insulating film and including a contact portion that is inserted through the contact hole and electrically connected to the wiring pattern, the lower electrode contact portion located in the contact hole being provided on an inner surface of the contact hole;

a light emitting layer formed over the lower electrode, the light emitting layer located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the lower electrode;

an upper electrode formed over the light emitting layer, the upper electrode located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the light emitting layer; and

a light emitting region regulating member regulating a light emitting region where the light emitting layer is interposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode as a region including the contact portion;

wherein,

the lower electrode contains a metal material and reflects light emitted from the light emitting layer, and

the upper electrode is a transparent electrode.

20. A method of driving a display apparatus including a wiring pattern formed over a substrate, a first insulating film which is laminated over the wiring pattern and in which a contact hole is formed in an up-down direction at a specified position, a lower electrode formed over the first insulating film and including a contact portion that extends through the contact hole and electrically connected to the wiring pattern, the lower electrode contract portion located in the contact hole being provided on an inner surface of the contact hole, a light emitting layer formed over the lower electrode, the light emitting layer located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the lower electrode, an upper electrode formed over the light emitting layer, the upper electrode located in the contact hole and being provided on a surface of the light emitting layer, and a light emitting region regulating member regulating a light emitting region where the light emitting layer is interposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode as a region including the contact portion, wherein, the lower electrode contains a metal material and reflects light emitted from the light emitting layer, and the upper electrode is a transparent electrode, the method comprising:

driving the display apparatus using a pixel driving circuit electrically connected to the wiring pattern so that a light emitting element including the light emitting layer function as a capacitive element in a reverse bias.