TRANSPARENT ELECTRICALLY - CONDUCTIVE SOLID MATERIAL, AND METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR FORMING TRANSPARENT ELECTRICALLY - CONDUCTIVE SOLID MATERIAL
A method of preparing a transparent, electrically-conductive solid material is provided, typically a coating. The method comprises: (i) Providing a liquid composition comprising a matrix-forming material and a plurality of metal nanowires, and optionally a carrier liquid in which the matrix-forming material and the plurality of metal nanowires may be dispersed; and (ii) Forming the solid material from the liquid composition. A solid material, typically in the form of a coating, provided by such a method is also described.
1 . A method of forming an electrically-conductive, transparent solid material, said method comprising:
(i) Providing a liquid composition comprising a matrix-forming material and a plurality of metal nanowires; and
(ii) Forming said transparent solid material from said liquid composition.
2 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein said transparent solid material is an electrically-conductive, transparent coating on a surface of a first substrate, said method comprising contacting said surface with said liquid composition, or comprising forming a free-standing film of said liquid composition and forming a solid free-standing film from the free-standing film of said liquid composition.
3 - 67 . (canceled)
68 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition comprises a carrier liquid in which the matrix-forming material and plurality of metal nanowires are dispersed, and wherein forming a solid coating from said composition comprises removing the carrier liquid to form said solid material.
69 . A method according to claim 68 , wherein the carrier liquid is a polar liquid or comprises a mixture of polar liquids.
70 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal nanowires comprise one or more of silver, gold, copper and nickel.
71 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix-forming material comprises one or more polymers.
72 . A method according to claim 71 , wherein the one or more polymers is water-soluble.
73 . A method according to claim 71 , wherein at least one of said polymers exhibits surfactant-like behaviour.
74 . A method according to claim 71 , wherein the one or more polymers is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a poly(alkenol); a polyether; and a block co-polymer comprising one or more blocks of poly(alkenol) or polyether, with one or more blocks of a polymer comprising repeat groups of a tertiary amine.
75 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition comprises no more than 1 wt % metal nanowires.
76 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition comprises no more than 1 wt % matrix-forming material.
77 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition comprises from 0.1 wt % to 1 wt % metal nanowires and from 0.1 wt % to 1 wt % matrix-forming material, and wherein the matrix-forming material comprises a polymer.
78 . A method according to claim 77 , wherein the liquid composition comprises 0.1 to 0.6 wt % metal nanowires and 0.1 to 0.6 wt % matrix-forming material, and the matrix-forming material comprises a polymer.
79 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the weight of the matrix-forming material relative to the sum of the weight of the matrix-forming material and the metal nanowires is no more than 0.5:1 and at least 0.05:1.
80 . A transparent, electrically-conductive solid material producible in accordance with the method of claim 1 .
81 . A substrate provided with an electrically-conductive transparent solid coating comprising a plurality of metal nanowires dispersed within a matrix.
82 . A substrate according to claim 81 , wherein the solid material has a percentage light transmission of at least 50%.
83 . A substrate according to claim 81 , wherein the haze generated by the solid material is no more than 20%.
84 . A substrate according to claim 81 , in which the metal nanowires are distributed approximately uniformly throughout the thickness of the solid material.
85 . A liquid composition for forming a transparent electrically-conductive solid material, optionally in the form of a coating, the liquid composition comprising a matrix-forming material and a plurality of metal nanowires.