Methods and apparatus to detect fluid distributions

1. A method, comprising:

transmitting a first signal by a first transducer based on a first electrical current value;

receiving the first signal transmitted into a reservoir from a production installation in a formation at a wellsite at a second transducer and a third transducer;

measuring the first signal at the second transducer to determine a second electrical current value and at the third transducer to determine a third electrical current value;

determining an apparent resistance of the reservoir based on the first signal by multiplying a difference between the second and third electrical current values by a mean of fourth and fifth electrical current values, the fourth electrical current value measured at the second transducer and the fifth electrical current value measured at the third transducer when a fourth transducer transmits a second signal into the reservoir; and

determining a distance between a fluid extraction tool and a fluid distribution based on the apparent resistance.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein determining the distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution comprises monitoring water coning of a water front into the reservoir.

3. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the apparent resistance is indicative of a relatively larger distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution when a corresponding apparent resistivity of the reservoir is closer to a formation resistivity than a water resistivity.

4. A method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:

opening or closing one or more flow control valves of the fluid extraction tool, based on the distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution, to change a fluid extraction rate.

5. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the apparent resistance is a cylindrical focused technique resistance, further comprising:

setting a spacing between a first transducer and a second transducer along the fluid extraction tool to control a depth of investigation in the reservoir, the depth of investigation corresponding to how far from the fluid extraction tool a water front is detectable, and

wherein increasing the spacing between the first and second transducers increases the depth of investigation.

6. A method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:

locating information in the first signal for reception by a receiver located at least at one of a surface of the wellsite or a subsea surface, and transmitting the first signal into the reservoir; and

receiving at the production installation second information via a second signal from the at least at one of the surface of the wellsite or the subsea surface.

7. An apparatus, comprising:

a transducer controller to measure a first signal transmitted into a reservoir from a production installation in a formation at a wellsite, wherein the transducer controller:

causes a first transducer to transmit the first signal based on a first electrical current value, and

measures the first signal at a second transducer to determine a second electrical current value and at a third transducer to determine a third electrical current value; and

a processor to:

determine an apparent resistance of the reservoir based on the first signal, wherein the processor determines the apparent resistance by multiplying a difference between the second and third electrical current values by a mean of fourth and fifth electrical current values, the fourth electrical current value measured at the second transducer and the fifth electrical current value measured at the third transducer when a fourth transducer transmits a second signal into the reservoir; and

determine a distance between a fluid extraction tool and a fluid distribution based on the apparent resistance.

8. An apparatus as defined in claim 7 :

wherein the processor is further to locate information in the first signal for reception by a receiver located at least at one of a surface of the wellsite or a subsea surface, and the transducer controller is to cause a transducer to transmit the first signal into the reservoir;

wherein the processor is further to determine the distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution comprises monitoring water coning of the fluid distribution into the reservoir;

wherein the transducer controller or the processor are to locate information in the first signal for reception by a receiver at a surface of the wellsite; and

wherein the transducer controller is to receive second signals containing second information sent from transmitters located at the at least at one of the surface of the wellsite or at the subsea surface.

9. An apparatus as defined in claim 7 , wherein the apparent resistance is indicative of a relatively larger distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution when a corresponding apparent resistivity is closer to a formation resistivity than a water resistivity.

10. An apparatus as defined in claim 7 , further comprising:

a valve controller to open or close one or more flow control valves of the fluid extraction tool, based on the distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution, to change a fluid extraction rate.

11. An apparatus as defined in claim 7 , wherein the apparent resistance is a cylindrical focused technique resistance, wherein the transducer controller is to control first and second transducers in the fluid extraction tool to determine the distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution, a spacing between the first and second transducers along the fluid extraction tool being set to control a depth of investigation in the reservoir, the depth of investigation corresponding to how far from the fluid extraction tool a water front is detectable.

12. A system, comprising:

a production installation to be located in a formation at a wellsite;

a plurality of transducers located in the production installation and to be located along a horizontal portion of the formation to measure signals transmitted into a reservoir; and

a processor to determine a distance between a fluid extraction tool and a fluid distribution based on the measured signals, wherein the processor is to determine the distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution based on an apparent conductance, wherein the apparent conductance is determined by:

determining a difference between a first electrical current value measured by a first transducer and a second electrical current value measured by a second transducer based on a first signal transmitted by a third transducer into the reservoir;

determining a mean of a third electrical current value measured at the first transducer and fourth electrical current value measured by the second transducer based on a second signal transmitted by a fourth transducer into the reservoir; and

multiplying the difference by the mean.

13. A system as defined in claim 12 further comprising:

a valve controller to open or close one or more flow control valves in the fluid extraction tool based on the distance between the fluid extraction tool and the fluid distribution.

14. A system as defined in claim 12 , wherein the transducers are to transmit signals in the reservoir containing information for reception by a receiver located at least at one of a surface of the wellsite or at a subsea surface and wherein the transducers are to receive second signals containing second information sent from transmitters located at the at least at one of the surface of the wellsite or at the subsea surface.