Continuous method for producing primary aliphatic amines from aldehydes
View Patent ↗A continuous process for preparing primary aliphatic amines having 3 to 18 carbon atoms by reacting corresponding aliphatic aldehydes with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, characterized in that the reaction is carried out without solvent at a molar ratio of aliphatic aldehyde to ammonia of more than 1 to 16, above the critical temperature and above the critical pressure of ammonia.
1. Continuous process for preparing primary aliphatic amines having 3 to 18 carbon atoms by reacting corresponding aliphatic aldehydes with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, characterized in that the reaction is carried out without solvent at a molar ratio of aliphatic aldehyde to ammonia of more than 1 to 16, above the critical temperature and above the critical pressure of ammonia.
2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the molar ratio of aliphatic aldehyde to ammonia is 1 to 18 or more.
3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the molar ratio of aliphatic aldehyde to ammonia is from 1 to 18 to 1 to 60.
4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction is conducted at a temperature above 132.5° C. and up to an upper limit of 190° C.
5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction is conducted at a pressure above 11.4 and up to an upper limit of 20 MPa.
6. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the aliphatic aldehydes to be reacted contain 5 to 15 carbon atoms in the molecule.
7. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the hydrogenation catalyst contains at least nickel, cobalt, platinum, palladium, iron, rhodium or copper.
8. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the hydrogenation catalyst contains a support material.
9. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the hydrogenation catalyst contains oxides of calcium, of barium, of zinc, of aluminium, of zirconium, of chromium or mixtures thereof, as additives.
10. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the hydrogenation catalyst used is a nickel catalyst containing 20% to 60% by weight of nickel, from 20% to 70% by weight of kieselguhr and from 10% to 20% by weight of chromium, in each case based on the total weight of the hydrogenation catalyst and optionally fillers making up the balance to 100% by weight.
11. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the aliphatic aldehydes to be reacted are used as a mixture of aliphatic aldehydes having different numbers of carbon atoms.
12. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that a mixture of straight-chain n- and branched-chain iso-aldehydes containing 13 and 15 carbon atoms in the molecule is used.
13. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the aliphatic aldehyde 3(4),8(9)-bisformyltricyclo[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]decane is reacted.
14. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the molar ratio of aliphatic aldhehyde to ammonia is 1 to 20 or more.
15. Process according to claim 14 , characterized in that the molar ratio of aliphatic aldehyhde to ammonia is from 1 to 20 to 1 to 50.
16. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction is conducted at a temperature above 132.5° C. and up to an upper limit of 180° C.
17. Process according to claim 16 , characterized in that the reaction is conducted at a temperature above 160° C. and up to an upper limit of 180° C.
18. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction is conducted at a pressure above 12.8 MPa and up to an upper limit of 20 MPa.
19. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction is conducted at a pressure of from 13 to 18 MPa.
20. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the aliphatic aldehydes to be reacted contain from 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the molecule.