NEW TREATMENT OF FISH WITH A NANOSUS PENS ION OF LUFENURON OR HEXAFLUMURON
The present invention concerns a stable aqueous nanosuspension dosage formulation for injection to fish, comprising (i) an active ingredient which is lufenuron or hexaflumuron, each in form of particles having an effective average particle size of ≦1000 nm; (ii) one or more surface stabilizers selected from the group consisting of a surfactant and a polymer or a mixture thereof; and (iii) water. The nanosuspension formulations of the present invention are especially suited for the treatment of salmon and provide prolonged effective protection against sea lice at sea.
1 . Stable aqueous nanosuspension dosage formulation for injection to fish, comprising
(i) an active ingredient which is lufenuron or hexaflumuron, each in form of particles having an effective average particle size of ≦1000 nm;
(ii) one or more surface stabilizers selected from the group consisting of a surfactant and a polymer or a mixture thereof; and
(iii) water.
2 . The dosage formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the active ingredient is lufenuron.
3 . The dosage formulation according to claim 2 , wherein the concentration of active ingredient is from 3 to 8% (w/v), based on the entire formulation.
4 . The dosage formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the surface stabilizer comprises one or more anionic, non-ionic or zwitterionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of an organic sulfonic acid comprising from 8 to 24 C-atoms or a salt thereof; a fatty acid comprising from 4 to 28 C-atoms or a salt thereof; a fatty alcohol; a sorbitan fatty acid ester; a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester; a polyethoxylated castor oil; a polyoxyethylene ester of a fatty acid; glycerol monostearate; a poloxamer, lecithin, a hydroxylated lecithin and a phosphatidyl choline.
5 . The dosage formulation according to claim 4 , wherein the surface stabilizer comprises one or more anionic or non-ionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of sodium cetylstearyl sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, oleic acid, sodium oleate, sodium deoxycholate, stearic acid, calcium stearate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monooleate, a reaction product of castor oil and ethylene oxide in a molar ratio of about 1:35, a polyoxyethylene stearate, a polyoxyethylene 12-hydroxy-stearate, a poloxamer having an average molecular weight Mw of from 1500 to 4000 and having an polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene ratio from 70/30 to 80/20.
6 . The dosage formulation according to claim 5 , wherein the surface stabilizer comprises one or more anionic or non-ionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, a reaction product of castor oil and ethylene oxide in a molar ratio of about 1:35, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monopalmitate, and a poloxamer having an average molecular weight Mw of from 1500 to 4000 and having an polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene ratio from 70/30 to 80/20.
7 . The dosage formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the surface stabilizer comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of a polyvinylpyrrolidones, a polylactic acid, a polylactic-co-glycolic acid; a polyethylene glycol, a natural and modified cellulose, a starch, a polysaccharide, a polydimethylsiloxane, a silicon dioxide, tragacanth, albumin, hydrolyzed gelatin and cholesterol.
8 . The dosage formulation according to claim 7 , wherein the surface stabilizer comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having an average molecular weight Mw of from 7500 to 40000 and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) having an average molecular weight Mw of from about 2500 to 50000.
9 . The dosage formulation according to claim 7 , wherein the surface stabilizer comprises one or more polymers and/or polymers selected from the group consisting of sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, a reaction product of castor oil and ethylene oxide in a molar ratio of about 1:35, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene(20)-sorbitan monopalmitate, a poloxamer having an average molecular weight Mw of from 1500 to 4000 and having an polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene ratio from 70/30 to 80/20, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) having an average molecular weight Mw of from 7500 to 40000 and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) having an average molecular weight Mw of from about 2500 to 50000.
10 . The dosage formulation according to claim 9 , comprising, in addition a crystal growth inhibitor, selected from the group consisting of a mono- or disaccharide, a sugar alcohol, a glycol, glycerol, a water-soluble salt, and mixtures thereof.
11 . The dosage formulation according to claim 10 , comprising from 1 to 20% (w/v) active ingredient, from 0.5 to 20% (w/v) of one or more surface stabilizers, from 0 to 20% (w/v) of a crystal growth inhibitor and water.
12 . The dosage formulation according to claim 11 , consisting essentially of from 2 to 10% (w/v) lufenuron, from 1.0 to 8% (w/v) of one or more surface stabilizers, from 0.25 to 15% (w/v) of a crystal growth inhibitor and water ad 100%.
13 . The dosage formulation according to claim 11 , comprising an average particle size of ≦600 nm.
14 . The dosage formulation according to claim 13 , which is prepared by dispersing the active ingredient in an aqueous solution comprising the one or more surface stabilizers and optionally further excipients, and milling the resulting suspension in a mill until the desired particle size is reached.
15 . The dosage formulation according to claim 14 for eliminating, reducing or preventing sea lice in a fish population, which comprises injecting said dosage formulation to the fish at a dose of from 15 to 100 mg active ingredient per kg of fish biomass.
16 . The dosage formulation according to claim 10 comprising sodium chloride as crystal growth inhibitor.
17 . The dosage formulation according to claim 13 comprising an average particle size of from 10 to 600 nm.
18 . The dosage formulation according to claim 14 for eliminating, reducing or preventing sea lice in a fish population, which comprises injecting said dosage formulation to the fish at a dose of from 25 to 75 mg active ingredient per kg of fish biomass.