Shaping process for PMI foam materials and/or composite components produced therefrom
A disclosed process includes steps of heating a foamed material by irradiation with near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm to form a heated material, forming the heated material with a forming tool to obtain a formed material, and cooling the formed material and demolding to obtain a final workpiece. The foamed material may be constructed as a composite ply construction including an outer material and a foamed core between the outer material. The foamed material may contain a poly(meth)acrylimde, a polypropylene or a highly-crosslinked polyurethane.
1. A process for forming a rigid foamed material, wherein the rigid foamed material comprises a rigid poly(meth)acrylimide foam, said process comprising:
preheating the rigid foamed material by irradiation with near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm, to form a heated material;
forming the heated material with a forming tool, to obtain a formed material; and
cooling the formed material and demolding to obtain a final workpiece.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the preheating and the forming occur in two separate tools and the process comprises:
introducing the rigid foamed material into a machine-side active region of heating fields;
preheating the rigid foamed material by irradiation with the near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm, to form the heated material;
transferring the heated material into the forming tool;
forming the heated material with the forming tool, to obtain the formed material; and
cooling the formed material and demolding to obtain the final workpiece.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the preheating and the forming occur in one tool and the process comprises:
introducing the rigid foamed material into a forming tool equipped with a removable heating field;
preheating the rigid foamed material by irradiation with the near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm, to form the heated material;
removing heat from an operating range of the forming tool;
forming the heated material with the forming tool, to obtain the formed material; and
cooling the formed material and demolding to obtain the final workpiece.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling and the demolding occur by a vacuum-forming process.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling and the demolding provide a local consolidation of the foamed material.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
two or more separate pieces of the rigid foamed material are initially heated; and
the final workpiece is a hollow article.
7. The process of claim 4 , further comprising preforming the preheated material with compressed air either directly before or directly after the forming with the forming tool.
8. The process of claim 4 , further comprising constructing the rigid foamed material as a composite ply construction comprising an outer material and a rigid foam core between the outer material,
wherein the outer material comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein:
a plastic of the fiber-reinforced plastic comprises a polypropylene, a polyethylene, a polycarbonate, a polyvinyl chloride, an epoxy resin, an isocyanate resin, an acrylate resin, a polyester or a polyamide; and
a fiber material of the fiber-reinforced plastic comprises carbon, a glass, a polymeric fiber or an aramid fiber.
10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising constructing the rigid foamed material as a composite ply construction comprising an outer material and a rigid foam core between the outer material.
11. The process of claim 1 , comprising preheating the rigid foamed material to a temperature from 190° C. to 215° C. by irradiation with near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm, to form the heated material.
12. The process of claim 1 , comprising preheating the rigid foamed material to a temperature from 190° C. to 210° C. by irradiation with near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm, to form the heated material.
13. The process of claim 1 , comprising preheating the rigid foamed material by irradiation with near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm for about 3 minutes to below 6 minutes, to form the heated material.
14. The process of claim 1 , comprising preheating the rigid foamed material by irradiation with near infrared radiation having a wavelength between 0.78 and 1.40 μm for about 3 minutes to below 5 minutes, to form the heated material.