Method for production of polymer
Method for switching between steady-state and non-steady-state operations of a process for the production of a polymer by polymerization of a monomer in the presence of a comonomer and/or hydrogen. The process includes (a1) at non-steady-state controlling the process based on the ratio of comonomer to monomer in the reactor, and (b1) at steady-state controlling the process based on the flow ratio of comonomer to monomer to the reactor, and/or (a2) at non-steady-state controlling the process based on the ratio of hydrogen to monomer in the reactor, and (b2) at steady-state controlling the process based on the flow ratio of hydrogen to monomer to the reactor.
1. A method for switching between steady-state and non-steady-state operation of a process for the production of a polymer by polymerisation of a monomer in the presence of a comonomer and/or hydrogen which process comprises:
a. At non-steady state controlling the process based on both the ratio of comonomer to monomer partial pressures in the reactor and the ratio of hydrogen to monomer partial pressures in the reactor, and
b. At steady state controlling the process based on both the flow ratio of comonomer to monomer to the reactor and the flow ratio of hydrogen to monomer to the reactor.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein at steady state there is maintained a substantially constant flow ratio of comonomer to monomer and/or a substantially constant flow ratio of hydrogen to monomer.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein at steady state the monomer partial pressure in the reactor is maintained substantially constant.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein at steady state the flow rate of fresh monomer to the reactor is maintained substantially constant.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the non-steady-state is a start-up.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein during start-up the ratio of comonomer to monomer partial pressures in the reactor and/or the ratio of hydrogen to monomer partial pressures in the reactor are maintained substantially constant.
7. A method according to claim 5 wherein during start-up the monomer partial pressure in the reactor is maintained substantially constant.
8. A method for the start-up and subsequent operation of a process for the production of a polymer by polymerisation of a monomer in the presence of a comonomer and/or hydrogen which process comprises:
a. During start-up controlling the process based on both the ratio of comonomer to monomer partial pressures in the reactor and the ratio of hydrogen to monomer partial pressures in the reactor and
b. At steady state controlling the process based on both the flow ratio of comonomer to monomer to the reactor and the flow ratio of hydrogen to monomer to the reactor.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the non-steady-state is a transition.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein during the transition the ratio of comonomer to monomer partial pressures in the reactor and/or the ratio of hydrogen to monomer partial pressures in the reactor are varied.
11. A method according to claim 9 wherein during the transition the monomer partial pressure in the reactor is maintained substantially constant.
12. A method according to claim 1 which is carried out in a gas phase fluidized-bed reactor.
13. A method according to claim 1 wherein the total pressure in the reactor at steady-state is between 0.5 and 5 MPa and the partial pressure of monomer at steady-state is between 0.3 and 1.5 MPa.
14. A method according to claim 1 wherein the monomer is ethylene or propylene.
15. A method according to claim 8 which is carried out in a gas phase fluidized-bed reactor.
16. A method according to claim 8 wherein the total pressure in the reactor at steady-state is between 0.5 and 5 MPa and the partial pressure of monomer at steady-state is between 0.3 and 1.5 MPa.
17. A method according to claim 8 wherein the monomer is ethylene or propylene.
18. A method for switching between steady-state and non-steady-state operation of a process for the production of a polymer by polymerisation of a monomer in the presence of a comonomer and/or hydrogen which process comprises:
a1. At non-steady-state controlling the process based on the ratio of comonomer to monomer in the reactor, and
b1. At steady-state controlling the process based on the flow ratio of comonomer to monomer to the reactor, and/or
a2. At non-steady-state controlling the process based on the ratio of hydrogen to monomer in the reactor, and
b2. At steady-state controlling the process based on the flow ratio of hydrogen to monomer to the reactor, and further wherein at steady state the monomer partial pressure in the reactor is maintained substantially constant.
19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the non-steady-state is a start-up.
20. A method according to claim 19 wherein during start-up the ratio of comonomer to monomer partial pressures in the reactor and/or the ratio of hydrogen to monomer partial pressures in the reactor are maintained substantially constant.
21. A method according to claim 19 wherein during start-up the monomer partial pressure in the reactor is maintained substantially constant.
22. A method according to claim 18 wherein the non-steady-state is a transition.
23. A method according to claim 22 wherein during the transition the ratio of comonomer to monomer partial pressures in the reactor and/or the ratio of hydrogen to monomer partial pressures in the reactor are varied.
24. A method according to claim 22 wherein during the transition the monomer partial pressure in the reactor is maintained substantially constant.
25. A method according to claim 18 which is carried out in a gas phase fluidized-bed reactor.
26. A method according to claim 18 wherein the total pressure in the reactor at steady-state is between 0.5 and 5 MPa and the partial pressure of monomer at steady-state is between 0.3 and 1.5 MPa.
27. A method according to claim 18 wherein the monomer is ethylene or propylene.