Alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder with superior freeze-thaw stability
View Patent ↗We herewith propose the use of at least one nitrogen-containing organic compound and/or a salt thereof in combination with at least one aromatic carboxylic acid and/or a salt thereof for improving the freeze-thaw stability of an alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder, and a preferred alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder comprising ε-caprolactam and sodium benzoate as freeze-thaw stabilizers.
1. A process for improving the freeze-thaw stability of an alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder comprising the addition to the alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder of at least one nitrogen-containing organic compound and/or a salt thereof in combination with at least one aromatic carboxylic acid and/or a salt thereof.
2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the nitrogen-containing organic compound is selected from the group consisting of amines, imidazoles, guanidines, amides, imides, lactams, amino alcohols, amino acids, and betaines.
3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the nitrogen-containing organic compound is selected from the group consisting of propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, ethylenediamine, diaminopropane, diaminobutane, diaminopentane, neo-pentanediamine, diaminohexane, diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, hexamethylenetetramine, 3-ethoxypropylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine, 3-(methylamino)propylamine, 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine, dibutylamine, 4,9-dioxadodecane-1,12-diamine, bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, polyetheramines, morpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, 2-pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, imidazolidone, imidazolidone hemihydrate, 2-piperidone, N,N′-dimethylpiperazine, melamine, 1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, ε-caprolactam, urea, and betaine.
4. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the salt of the nitrogen-containing organic compound is a hydrogen halide salt or a quaternary ammonium salt.
5. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the aromatic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, salicylic acid, and toluic acid.
6. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, aluminum salts, first row transition metal salts, and mixtures thereof.
7. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder comprises at least one latent hydraulic and/or pozzolanic binder and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal aluminates, and mixtures thereof.
8. The process according to claim 7 , characterized in that the latent hydraulic binder is selected from the group consisting of industrial and synthetic slags, blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag, ground granulated blast furnace slag, electrothermal phosphorus slag, steel slag, and mixtures thereof.
9. The process according to claim 7 , characterized in that the pozzolanic binder is selected from the group consisting of amorphous silica, precipitated silica, pyrogenic silica, microsilica, glass flour, fly ash, brown coal fly ash, mineral coal fly ash, metakaolin, natural pozzolanas, tuff, trass, volcanic ash, natural zeolites, synthetic zeolites, and mixtures thereof.
10. The process according to claim 7 , characterized in that the alkali metal silicate is selected from the group consisting of compounds having the empirical formula m SiO 2 .n M 2 O, wherein M is Li, Na, K or NH 4 or a mixture thereof.
11. The process according to claim 10 , characterized in that the molar ratio of m:n is from 0.5 to 3.6.
12. The process according to claim 7 , characterized in that a hydraulic binder selected from the group consisting of cements, Portland Cement, aluminate cement, and mixtures thereof, is additionally present.
13. The process according to claim 7 , characterized in that the ratio of the nitrogen-containing organic compound and/or salt thereof to the aromatic carboxylic acid and/or salt thereof is within the range of from 1:1 to 1:10.
14. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder comprises
5 to 95% by weight of latent hydraulic and/or pozzolanic binder,
5 to 50% by weight of alkali metal silicate,
0.01 to 30% by weight of the nitrogen-containing organic compound and/or a salt thereof,
0.01 to 30% by weight of the aromatic carboxylic acid and/or a salt thereof, and
0 to 20% by weight of hydraulic binder.
15. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder is comprised in building material formulations, building products, on-site concrete, finished concrete parts, concrete goods, concrete blocks, in-situ concrete, spray concrete, ready-mixed concrete, building adhesives, thermal insulation composite system adhesives, concrete repair systems, one-component sealing slurries, two-component sealing slurries, screeds, knifing fillers, self-leveling compositions, tile adhesives, plasters, renders, adhesives, sealants, coating systems, dry mortars, joint grouts, drainage mortars, repair mortars, and/or coating systems for tunnels, wastewater channels, spray protection or condensate lines.
16. Alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder comprising blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag and/or ground granulated blast furnace slag as a latent hydraulic binder, microsilica, metakaolin and/or fly ash as a pozzolanic binder, sodium waterglass and/or potassium waterglass as an alkaline activator, and ε-caprolactam and sodium benzoate as freeze-thaw stabilizers.
17. The process according to claim 10 , characterized in that the molar ratio of m:n is from 0.6 to 3.0.
18. The process according to claim 10 , characterized in that the molar ratio of m:n is from 0.7 to 2.5.
19. The process according to claim 7 , characterized in that the ratio of the nitrogen-containing organic compound and/or salt thereof to the aromatic carboxylic acid and/or salt thereof is comprised within the range of from 1:5 to 1:10.
20. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder comprises
20 to 80% by weight of latent hydraulic and/or pozzolanic binder,
10 to 40% by weight of alkali metal silicate,
0.1 to 10% by weight of the nitrogen-containing organic compound and/or a salt thereof,
0.1 to 10% by weight of the aromatic carboxylic acid and/or a salt thereof, and
0 to 10% by weight of hydraulic binder.