Antenna for unattended ground sensor
An unattended ground sensor unit ( 30 ) is disclosed comprising an antenna ( 2 ) which is accommodated mainly in a head portion ( 5 ) of the unit. The antenna ( 2 ) comprises a base conductor ( 100 ) and a top conductor ( 102 ), both of which are circular plates arranged in a horizontal plane. An antenna rod ( 204 ) is electrically connected to the top conductor ( 102 ). A hole is provided in the base conductor ( 100 ) and the antenna rod ( 204 ) extends through the hole to be connected to antenna control circuitry on a printed circuit board ( 104 ) on the reverse side of the base conductor ( 100 ). An insulating ring ( 106 ) is provided around the antenna rod ( 204 ) where it extends through the base conductor ( 100 ) so that the antenna (rod 204 ) is electrically insulated from the base conductor ( 100 ). Two shorting pins ( 205 ) are provided between the top conductor ( 102 ) and the base conductor ( 100 ). The shorting pins ( 20 ) are provided on diametrically opposite sides of the antenna rod ( 204 ). A dielectric spacer ( 202 ) is provided having a keying cutout ( 112 ) that can be engaged to resist its rotation.
1. An antenna comprising:
a first conductor having a first planar surface;
a second conductor having a second planar surface, wherein the second planar surface is substantially parallel to the first planar surface;
a conducting pin connected to the first conductor and extending between the first and second conductors;
one or more shorting pins connected to the first conductor and extending between the first and second conductors, wherein the one or more shorting pins are electrically connected to both the first and second conductors;
a solid dielectric spacer arranged in a space between the first and second planar surfaces, the solid dielectric spacer occupying a majority of a volume that exists between the first and second conductors and comprising a bore through which the conducting pin can extend, and at least one further bore for accommodating a respective one of the one or more shorting pins; and
a clamp for engaging the solid dielectric spacer and holding it in place relative to at least one of the first conductor and second conductor, wherein the clamp comprises a retaining ring which acts on a periphery of the solid dielectric spacer and on one of the first conductor and second conductor for clamping the solid dielectric spacer to said one of the first conductor and second conductor and wherein the retaining ring comprises a keying feature and the solid dielectric spacer includes a keying feature that can be engaged with the keying feature of the retaining ring to resist rotation of the solid dielectric spacer relative to said one of the first conductor and second conductor.
2. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the solid dielectric comprises a flange that can be engaged by the clamp.
3. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the conducting pin is electrically connected to the first conductor and electrically insulated from the second conductor.
4. The antenna of claim 3 wherein the conducting pin extends through a bore in the second conductor, and an electrical insulator is provided between the second conductor and the conducting pin.
5. The antenna of claim 4 wherein there are at least two shorting pins, arranged on opposite sides of the conducting pin.
6. The antenna of claim 4 wherein the one or more shorting pins are made of a different material to the conducting pin.
7. An antenna according to claim 4 in which said insulator comprises an insulating ring provided around the conducting pin.
8. The antenna of claim 1 comprising an antenna controller electrically connected to the conducting pin so that electrical currents can be directed through the conducting pin to the first conductor.
9. The antenna of claim 8 wherein the antenna controller is provided on a circuit board and the circuit board attached to the opposite side of the second conductor to the first conductor.
10. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the second conductor is arranged at a fixed electrical potential.
11. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the frequency of operation is in the range of 800-1000 MHz.
12. An unattended ground sensor comprising a housing for accommodating the antenna of claim 1 .
13. The unattended ground sensor of claim 12 further comprising at least one sensor for sensing a physical phenomenon in the region of the unit, wherein the antenna is arranged to transmit information regarding the sensed physical phenomenon.
14. An unattended ground sensor according to claim 12 in which the clamp locks the solid dielectric spacer to the housing of the unattended ground sensor.
15. An unattended ground sensor according to claim 12 which comprises a head portion housing the antenna and a body portion for insertion in the ground and at least one locking ring for clamping the head portion to the body portion.
16. An antenna according to claim 1 in which the solid dielectric spacer comprises a flange and the retaining ring comprises gripping teeth for engaging the flange of the solid dielectric spacer.
17. An antenna according to claim 1 in which the clamp is arranged to resist movement of the solid dielectric in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first and second planar surfaces as well as the clamp being arranged to resist movement of the solid dielectric in a direction which is substantially parallel to the first and second planar surfaces.
18. An antenna according to claim 1 in which the solid dielectric is arranged to resist mechanical forces that could otherwise bend or warp one or both of the first and second planar surfaces.
19. An antenna according to claim 1 in which the solid dielectric spacer is generally cylindrical.