Catalytic epoxidation process
View Patent ↗Methods and compositions are provided for the manufacture of an epoxide. In one embodiment, the invention provides a process for the manufacture of an epoxide including providing an olefin, an oxidant, alkaline earth metal ions, a catalyst component, a buffer component, and water to form a reaction mixture and reacting the olefin with the oxidant in the reaction mixture.
1. A process for the manufacture of an epoxide, comprising:
providing components to form a reaction mixture, wherein the components comprise:
an olefin;
hydrogen peroxide;
alkaline earth metal ions;
a manganese complex;
a buffer component; and
water; and
reacting the olefin with the hydrogen peroxide in the reaction mixture.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal ions comprise ions selected from the group consisting of magnesium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, barium ions, and combinations thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal ions are present in the reaction mixture in an amount from about 0.125 mmol/l to about 8 mmol/l.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal ions are provided by an aqueous source.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal ions are provided by a salt selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium acetate, magnesium carbonate and hydrogencarbonate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium oxalate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium acetate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, strontium chloride, strontium nitrate, barium chloride, barium nitrate and combinations thereof.
6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the aqueous source is selected from the group consisting of mineral water, utility water, and combinations thereof.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the olefin comprises a terminal olefin selected from the group consisting of: allyl halides; 1-alkenes; mono-, di- and polyallyl ethers of mono-, di- and polyols; allyl alcohol; and mono-, di- and polyallyl esters of mono-, di- and polyacids.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the terminal olefin is allyl chloride.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the manganese complex is water-soluble.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the manganese complex comprises one or more species selected from the group of:
a mononuclear species of the formula (I):
[LMnX m ]Y (I),
a binuclear species of the formula (II):
[LMn(μ-X) m MnL]Y n (II), or
a polynuclear species of the formula (III):
[L n Mn n (μ-X) m ]Y n (III), and
wherein Mn is a manganese atom; L or each L is independently a polydentate ligand, each X is independently a coordinating species and each μ-X is independently a bridging coordinating species, wherein Y is a non-coordinating counter ion and m is from 1 to 4 and n is from 1 to 2.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the buffer component comprises an organic acid and a salt of the organic acid.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the salt of the organic acid has a cation having a 1+ oxidation state.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the components further comprise a pH adjusting agent.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture comprises acidic conditions.
15. The process of claim 14 , where the pH of the reaction mixture is from 2 to less than 7.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture is free of an organic solvent.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal ions are provided in an amount from about 5 ppm to about 160 ppm.
18. The process of claim 3 , wherein the alkaline earth metal ions comprise ions consisting of magnesium ions.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the magnesium ions are present in the reaction mixture in an amount from about 0.40 mmol/l to about 3.3 mmol/l.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the reaction mixture is free of an organic solvent.