Thin film batteries comprising a glass or ceramic substrate
A thin film battery comprises a glass or ceramic substrate having a coefficient of thermal expansion (“CTE”) of from about 7 to about 10 ppm/° K, a continuous metal or metal oxide cathode current collector and having a thickness of less than about 3 micrometers, the cathode current collector being superjacent to the glass or ceramic substrate, a cathode material layer comprising lithium transition metal oxides that is a continuous film having a thickness of from about 10 to about 80 micrometers, the cathode material layer being superjacent to the cathode current collector, a LiPON electrolyte layer superjacent to the cathode material layer and having a thickness of from about 0.5 to about 4 micrometers, and an anode current collector with an optional anode material. Methods of making and using the batteries are described.
1. A thin film battery comprising:
a) a glass substrate having a CTE of from about 7 to about 10 ppm/° K;
b) a continuous metal or metal oxide cathode current collector having a thickness of less than about 3 micrometers, the cathode current collector being superjacent to the glass substrate;
c) a cathode material layer comprising lithium transition metal oxides that is a continuous film having a thickness of from about 10 to about 80 micrometers, the cathode material layer being superjacent to the cathode current collector;
d) a LiPON electrolyte layer having a thickness of from about 0.5 to about 4 micrometers, the LiPON electrolyte layer being superjacent to the cathode material layer micrometer; and
e) an anode current collector.
2. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate is the only substrate material in the battery.
3. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate has a thickness of from about 20 to about 50 micrometers.
4. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material layer comprises lithium transition metal oxides selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 CO 1/3 O 2 and mixtures thereof.
5. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the only lithium transition metal oxide in the cathode material layer is LiCoO 2 .
6. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material layer has a thickness of from about 15 to about 50 micrometers.
7. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material layer has been annealed to a temperature of from about 500° C. to about 800° C.
8. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material layer has been annealed to a temperature of from about 650° C. to about 750° C.
9. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal or metal oxide cathode current collector is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, nickel, iron, gold, silver, platinum, molybdenum, titanium, manganese, indium, metal alloys, oxides and combinations thereof.
10. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal or metal oxide cathode current collector metal or has a CTE of from about 6 to about 12 ppm/° K.
11. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal or metal oxide cathode current collector metal or has a CTE of from about 7 to about 10 ppm/° K.
12. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal or metal oxide cathode current collector is indium tin oxide.
13. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal or metal oxide cathode current collector is platinum.
14. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal or metal oxide cathode current collector is aluminum.
15. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery further comprises an anode.
16. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate has two major surfaces, and wherein a battery cell array is present on both major surfaces of the glass substrate.
17. The thin film battery of claim 16 , wherein the battery cell array provides a lifecycle capacity of from about 0.5 mAh to about 500 mAh.
18. The thin film battery of claim 16 , wherein the battery cell array provides a lifecycle capacity of from about 5 mAh to about 100 mAh.
19. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate comprises a metal oxide selected from silicon, aluminum, boron, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese and cobalt oxides.
20. The thin film battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery provides a lifecycle capacity of from about 0.5 mAh to about 20 mAh.