Mach-Zehnder optical modulator with embedded active elements
A Mach-Zehnder optical modulator is provide and has a travelling wave electrode extending over two optical waveguide branches and modulating the relative phase of the optical beam components propagating in those branches. The travelling wave electrode has transmission line conductors and pairs of waveguide electrodes, the waveguide electrodes of each pair being coupled to one of the optical waveguide branches, respectively. The travelling wave electrode further includes active devices having a high impedance input electrically connected to one of the transmission line conductors and a low impedance output electrically connected to one of the waveguide electrodes. Each active device transfers the electrical modulation signal from the associated transmission line conductor onto the associated waveguide electrode according to a voltage transfer function.
1. A Mach-Zehnder optical modulator for modulating an input optical beam according to an electrical modulation signal, the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprising:
an optical structure dividing the input optical beam into two optical beam components propagating in two parallel optical waveguide branches, respectively, and recombining said optical beam components downstream the optical waveguide branches; and
a travelling wave electrode extending over the optical waveguide branches and modulating a relative phase of the optical beam components, said travelling wave electrode comprising
a plurality of transmission line conductors conveying the electrical modulation signal;
a plurality of waveguide electrodes coupled to one of the two parallel optical waveguide branches; and
a plurality of active devices disposed between the plurality of transmission line conductors and the plurality of waveguide electrodes,
wherein the plurality of active devices comprises an active device having an input electrically connected to a transmission line conductor from the plurality of transmission line conductors and an output electrically connected to a waveguide electrode from the plurality of waveguide electrodes,
wherein the input of the active device has a higher impedance than the output of the active device,
wherein the active device transfers the electrical modulation signal from the transmission line conductor onto the waveguide electrode according to a voltage transfer function, and
wherein the active device is configured to decouple a capacitance of the waveguide electrode from contributing to a capacitance of the traveling wave electrode.
2. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein each active device comprises a voltage follower.
3. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 2 , wherein each active device further comprises an amplifier in series with said voltage follower.
4. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein one of said active devices is associated with each of said waveguide electrodes.
5. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of transmission line conductors comprise a signal transmission line conductor S and a ground transmission line conductor G in a SG configuration.
6. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 5 , wherein the plurality of active devices connect the signal transmission line conductor S to the plurality of waveguide electrodes.
7. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission line conductors comprise two signal transmission line conductors S and two ground transmission line conductors G in a GSSG configuration.
8. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission line conductors comprise two signal transmission line conductors S and three ground transmission line conductors G in a GSGSG configuration.
9. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the travelling wave electrode is driven in a series push-pull mode.
10. The Mach-Zehnder optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein the travelling wave electrode is driven in a differential series push-pull mode.