Cross-linked polymer electrolyte membranes and crosslinking monomer
Bifunctional styrenated crosslinkable monomers are produced by functionalizing a linear chain diol with styrene, the linear chain diol being a diol with linear chain fluorinated segments or a linear chain hydrocarbon diol. Crosslinked polymers are produced by polymerizing the styrene-based comonomer with the bifunctional styrenated crosslinkable monomers. Polymer electrolyte membranes are produced from the crosslinked polymers. Crosslinking a bifunctional fluorinated monomer with a sulfonic acid bearing comonomer produces crosslinked polymers and membranes there from with very high acid content and strong polymer structure.
1. A polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell comprising a crosslinked polymer produced by polymerizing a styrene-based comonomer with a styrenated crosslinkable monomer comprising the following linear chain formula:
CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —CH 2 —O—(CX 2 ) n —O—CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —CH═CH 2
wherein X is F and n=6-14 or X is H and n=6-18, and the crosslinked polymer has the following Formula A:
wherein Y is SO 3 H + or R f —SO 3 H + , with R f =—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 — and m=2-7, wherein R f is obtained from I—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F, with m=2-7.
2. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is a fluorinated crosslinked polymer having the following formula:
3. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is further polymerized with a free radical scavenger.
4. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is further polymerized with a free-radical scavenger selected from 4-hydroxy styrene and 4-vinylaniline, the crosslinked polymer having free radical scavengers and shown in the following formula, wherein Z=OH or NH 2 :
5. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═F, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 3 H + and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=SO 3 H + .
6. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═F, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 3 Na + and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=SO 3 H + .
7. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═F, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 2 Cl or CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 2 F and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=SO 3 H + .
8. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═F, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —Br, and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=R f —SO 3 H + , with R f =—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 — and m=2-7, and wherein R f is obtained from I—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F, with m=2-7.
9. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═F, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —OH, and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y═—O—R f —SO 3 H + with R f =—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 — and m=2-7, and wherein R f is obtained from I—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F, with m=2-7.
10. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═H, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 3 H + and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=SO 3 H + .
11. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═H, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 3 Na + and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=SO 3 H + .
12. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═H, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 2 Cl or CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —SO 2 F and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=SO 3 H + .
13. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═H, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —Br, and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y=R f —SO 3 H + , with R f =—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 — and m=2-7, and wherein R f is obtained from I—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F, with m=2-7.
14. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 , wherein the styrenated crosslinkable monomer has X═H, the styrene-based comonomer has the formula CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —OH, and the crosslinked polymer has the Formula A wherein Y═—O—R f —SO 3 H + with R f =—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 — and m=2-7, and wherein R f is obtained from I—(CF 2 ) m —O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F, with m=2-7.
15. The polymer electrolyte membrane of claim 1 further comprising a porous support on which the crosslinked polymer is supported.
16. A styrenated crosslinkable monomer comprising the following formula:
CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —CH 2 —O—(CX 2 ) n —O—CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —CH═CH 2
wherein X is H, produced by functionalizing a linear chain diol with styrene, the linear chain diol having the following formula:
OH—CH 2 —(CF 2 ) n —CH 2 —OH
wherein n=7-18.
17. A styrenated crosslinkable monomer comprising the following formula:
CH 2 ═CH—C 6 H 4 —CH 2 —O—(CX 2 ) n —O—CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —CH═CH 2
wherein X═F, produced by functionalizing a linear chain diol with styrene, the linear chain diol having the following formula:
OH—CH 2 —(CF 2 ) n —CH 2 —OH
wherein n=6-14.
18. The styrenated crosslinkable monomer of claim 17 , wherein the linear chain diol is mixed with vinyl benzyl chloride to functionalize the linear chain diol.