Apparatus for reducing scattering and methods of using and making same

1. An apparatus for reducing electromagnetic scattering, comprising:

a first component including a plurality of curved segments, each including a first reflective material, and together forming an enclosed cavity; and

a second component including a plurality of flat or cylindrically-curved segments, each including a second reflective material, wherein the second component is positioned external to the enclosed cavity;

wherein a first curved segment of the plurality of curved segments is configured to focus a plurality of incident signal waves on a focal point of a first flat or cylindrically-curved segment of the plurality of flat or cylindrically-curved segments; and

wherein the first flat or cylindrically-curved segment is configured to redirect the focused waves from the focal point onto a second curved segment of the plurality of curved segments.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of curved segments is a plurality of parabolically-curved segments.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein both the first and second components are rotationally invariant.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first component includes four curved segments.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first component is symmetric about two different planes.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first and second components are configured to reduce scattering of a signal, wherein the signal includes electromagnetic radiation.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of curved segments is rotationally invariant about an axis of revolution, and wherein the flat or cylindrically-curved segments are cylindrically-curved segments concentric to the axis of revolution.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to receive an incident electromagnetic wave having a first impact parameter and provide an exiting electromagnetic wave having a second impact parameter, wherein the second impact parameter is greater than 90% of the first impact parameter and less than 110% of the first impact parameter.

9. An apparatus for reducing electromagnetic scattering, comprising:

a first component including a plurality of curved segments, each including a first reflective material, and together forming an enclosed cavity; and

a second component including a plurality of flat or cylindrically-curved segments, each including a second reflective material, wherein the second component is positioned external to the enclosed cavity;

wherein a first curved segment of the plurality of curved segments is configured to focus a first portion of an incident plane wave on a focal point of a first flat or cylindrically-curved segment of the plurality of flat or cylindrically-curved segments;

wherein the first flat or cylindrically-curved segment is configured to redirect the focused waves from the focal point onto a second curved segment of the plurality of curved segments; and

wherein the second curved segment is configured to expand the redirected and focused waves into a first portion of a plane wave exiting the apparatus.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein a third curved segment of the plurality curved segments is configured to focus a second portion of the incident plane wave on a focal point of a second flat or cylindrically-curved segment of the plurality of flat or cylindrically-curved segments;

wherein the second flat or cylindrically-curved segment is configured redirect the focused waves from the focal point onto a fourth curved segment of the plurality of curved segments; and

wherein the fourth curved segment is configured to expand the redirected and focused waves into a second portion of the plane wave exiting the apparatus.