Cellulose Acetate Table Tennis Balls and Processes for Making
The present invention is directed to cellulose acetate table tennis balls and to processes for forming the cellulose acetate table tennis balls. Cellulose acetate may be provided as a flake or powder and then may be melt extruded to a sheet or pellet. The sheet may be soaked and a plurality of coupons may then be cut from the sheet. The coupons may be melt extruded to form hemispheres and then two hemispheres may be adhered to each other to form a sphere. The pellets may be injection molded to form hemispheres and then two hemispheres may be adhered to each other to form a sphere. The cellulose acetate table tennis balls are free of celluloid but meet the International Table Tennis Federation standards for table tennis balls.
1 . A process for manufacturing table tennis balls, comprising:
(a) mixing cellulose acetate and a plasticizer to form a mixture;
(b) melt extruding the mixture in a film die to form an extruded sheet;
(c) soaking the extruded sheet in a solvent to form a soaked sheet;
(d) cutting a plurality of coupons from the soaked sheet;
(e) thermoforming the coupons into hemispheres; and
(f) adhering pairs of hemispheres to form the table tennis balls.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, one or more alcohols, and combinations thereof.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of triacetin, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, bornan-2-one, PEG-DGE, PPG-DGE, tributyl phosphate, and combinations thereof.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of stearyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, bisphenol A propoxylate diglycidyl ether, 9,10-dihydroxy-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and combinations thereof.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises a lubricant selected from the group consisting of epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized polypropylene oxide, epoxidized PPO-PEO, and combinations thereof.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises a colorant selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, barium sulfate, iron oxide, nickel titanate, benzimidazolone orange gl, solvent orange 60, orange dyes, a combination of red and yellow dyes, and combinations thereof.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is formed by mixing cellulose acetate flake with the plasticizer in a high speed mixer optionally with one or more additives.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is formed by mixing cellulose acetate powder with the plasticizer in a high speed mixer optionally with one or more additives.
9 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the melt extruding is performed at a temperature less than or equal to 220° C.
10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises from 60 to 75 wt. % cellulose acetate and from 25 to 35 wt. % plasticizer.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose acetate has a degree of substitution from 2.1 to 2.9.
12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose acetate has a molecular weight from 40,000 to 80,000 amu.
13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the extruded sheet is soaked in water for 1 to 24 hours.
14 . A table tennis ball prepared according to the process of claim 1 .
15 . A process for manufacturing a table tennis ball, comprising:
(a) providing pellets comprising cellulose acetate, a plasticizer, and optionally one or more additives;
(b) injection molding the pellets into a die to form hemispheres; and
(c) adhering pairs of hemispheres to form table tennis balls;
wherein the pellets are formed by melt extrusion or solvent casting.
16 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of triacetin, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, bornan-2-one, PEG-DGE, PPG-DGE, tributyl phosphate, and combinations thereof.
17 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the mixture is formed by mixing cellulose acetate flake with the plasticizer in a high speed mixer optionally with one or more additives.
18 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the mixture is formed by mixing cellulose acetate powder with the plasticizer in a high speed mixer optionally with one or more additives.
19 . A table tennis ball prepared according to the process of claim 15 .
20 . Melt Extruding and injection molding a mixture to form a table tennis ball, the mixture comprising cellulose acetate having a degree of substitution from 2.1 to 2.9, a plasticizer, and optionally one or more additives.