High energy cathode for a battery
View Patent ↗An electrode for an electrochemical cell including a metal fluoride containing active electrode material and an intrinsically conductive coating wherein the coating is applied to the active electrode material by heating the mixture for a time and at a temperature that limits degradation of the cathode active material. The active material can be a hybrid material formed from the reaction of a metal fluoride and a metal complex.
1. An electrode for an electrochemical cell, comprising:
a fluorine-containing active electrode material comprising particles having a first phase including a metal fluoride material and a coating on the particle having a second phase including a metal complex material;
a binder material; and
an intrinsically conductive coating covalently attached to the active electrode material wherein the coating is formed from an organic coating compound comprising a conjugated core.
2. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the organic coating compound comprises a conjugated core in which at least 90% of the carbon atoms are sp or sp2 hybridized.
3. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the metal fluoride material comprises copper fluoride.
4. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the metal complex material comprises a metal oxide.
5. The electrode of claim 4 wherein the metal oxide comprises a nickel oxide.
6. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the metal complex material comprises a metal fluoride.
7. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the metal complex material comprises a metal phosphate.
8. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the organic coating compound is octafluoronaphthalene.
9. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the organic coating compound is N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide.
10. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the intrinsically conductive coating is formed at a temperature below 450 degrees C.
11. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the intrinsically conductive coating is a network of conjugated cores.
12. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the electrode is characterized as having reversible capacity.
13. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the active electrode material comprises particles with a grain size greater than 100 nm.
14. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the active electrode material comprises particles with a grain size greater than 130 nm.
15. The electrode of claim 1 wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of MoO 3 , MoO 2 , NiO, CuO, VO 2 , V 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , and combinations thereof.
16. A method of making an electrode, comprising:
reacting a metal fluoride material and a metal complex material to form a fluorine-containing active electrode material comprising particles having a first phase including a metal fluoride material and a coating on the particle having a second phase including a metal complex material;
mixing the formed active electrode material and an intrinsic organic conductor comprising a conjugated core; and
heating the mixture to form a conductive coating on the active electrode material at a temperature that limits degradation of the active electrode material.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the metal fluoride material comprises copper fluoride.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the metal complex material comprises a metal oxide.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the metal oxide comprises a nickel oxide.
20. The method of claim 16 wherein the metal complex material comprises a metal fluoride.
21. The method of claim 16 wherein the metal complex material comprises a metal phosphate.
22. The method of claim 16 wherein the organic conductor is octafluoronaphthalene.
23. The method of claim 16 wherein the organic conductor is N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide.
24. The method of claim 16 wherein the conductive coating is formed at a temperature below 450 degrees C.