Rhombic-QPSK modulation for improved tolerance to nonlinearity in fiber communication systems
This invention proposes an alternative modulation format for channels that present improved performance when such channels co-propagate with existing intensity modulated channels. This modulation format is named Rhombic-QPSK (R-QPSK) and it is designed in such a way that it presents more tolerance to phase noise created by the nonlinear interaction with the legacy channels.
1. A computer implemented method for communicating an information signal comprising the step of:
modulating an information signal with a rhombic-quadrature phase shift key R-QPSK modulation format, the R-QPSK modulation being a dual amplitude modulation where the information signal is encoded with four phase values where phase values 0 and π have a first amplitude A1 and phase values π/2 and −π/2 have an amplitude A2, data recovery of the R-QPSK modulated information signal being responsive to decisions made in both phase and amplitude of the R-QPSK modulated information signal; and
applying the R-QPSK modulation to a fiber communication system with co-propagating intensity-modulated channel for improved tolerance to nonlinearity, wherein, in regions of the constellation with high probability of phase overlapping (HPPO), demodulating decisions are made based on the amplitude and in regions with low probability of phase overlapping, decisions on received QPSK symbols, s i =r i e jφ i , where S denotes a symbol, φ denotes phase, r denotes amplitude or radius in the constellation, j denotes conjugate, and i denotes a particular value of a symbol, amplitude or phase, are made based on the phase with angle α and amplitude threshold A th with a decision table
ϕ
i
∈
[
-
α
,
α
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
00
]
ϕ
i
∈
[
π
/
2
-
α
,
π
/
2
+
α
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
01
]
ϕ
i
∈
[
-
π
/
2
-
α
,
-
π
/
2
+
α
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
10
]
ϕ
i
∈
[
-
π
+
α
,
-
π
]
⋃
[
π
-
α
,
π
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
11
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
α
,
π
/
2
-
α
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
01
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
00
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
π
/
2
+
α
,
π
-
α
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
01
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
11
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
-
π
/
2
+
α
,
-
α
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
10
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
00
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
-
π
+
α
,
-
π
/
2
-
a
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
10
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
11
]
.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the R-QPSK modulation is implemented by choosing a desired ratio between amplitudes A1 and A2.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the R-QPSK modulation of the information signal provides tolerance to phase noise from interaction with other signals having a different modulation format.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the R-QPSK modulation of the information signal enables use of the amplitude A1 and A2 values when phase noise affects the phase values to decide which pair of bits to assign thereby enabling reduction bit error rate in a communication system where distortion is dominated by phase distortion.
5. The method of claim 1 , comprising de-mapping of received symbols of the R-QPSK modulation comprises each symbol carrying two bits of information and the de-mapping assigning a pair of bits to each symbol depending on their location in a constellation of the R-QPSK modulation.
6. A non-transitory storage medium configured with instructions to be implemented by a computer for carrying out the following steps:
modulating an information signal with a rhombic-quadrature phase shift key R-QPSK modulation format, the R-QPSK modulation being a dual amplitude modulation where the information signal is encoded with four phase values where phase values 0 and π have a first amplitude A1 and phase values π/2 and −π/2 have an amplitude A2, data recovery of the R-QPSK modulated information signal being responsive to decisions made in both phase and amplitude of the R-QPSK modulated information signal; and
applying the R-QPSK modulation to a fiber communication system with co-propagating intensity-modulated channel for improved tolerance to nonlinearity,
wherein, in regions of the constellation with high probability of phase overlapping (HPPO), demodulating decisions are made based on the amplitude and in regions with low probability of phase overlapping, decisions on received QPSK symbols, s i =r i e jφ i s i =r i e jφ i , where S denotes a symbol, φ denotes phase, r denotes amplitude or radius in the constellation, j denotes conjugate, and i denotes a particular value of a symbol, amplitude or phase, are made based on the phase with angle α and amplitude threshold A th with a decision table
ϕ
i
∈
[
-
α
,
α
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
00
]
ϕ
i
∈
[
π
/
2
-
α
,
π
/
2
+
α
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
01
]
ϕ
i
∈
[
-
π
/
2
-
α
,
-
π
/
2
+
α
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
10
]
ϕ
i
∈
[
-
π
+
α
,
-
π
]
⋃
[
π
-
α
,
π
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
11
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
α
,
π
/
2
-
α
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
01
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
00
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
π
/
2
+
α
,
π
-
α
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
01
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
11
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
-
π
/
2
+
α
,
-
α
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
10
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
00
]
ϕ
i
∈
(
-
π
+
α
,
-
π
2
-
a
)
and
{
r
i
>
A
th
r
i
<
A
th
⇒
S
i
=
[
10
]
⇒
S
i
=
[
11
]
.
7. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 6 , wherein the R-QPSK modulation is implemented by choosing a desired ratio between amplitudes A1 and A2.
8. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 6 , wherein the R-QPSK modulation of the information signal provides tolerance to phase noise from interaction with other signals having a different modulation format.
9. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 6 , wherein the R-QPSK modulation of the information signal enables use of the amplitude A1 and A2 values when phase noise affects the phase values to decide which pair of bits to assign thereby enabling reduction bit error rate in a communication system where distortion is dominated by phase distortion.
10. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 6 , comprising de-mapping of received symbols of the R-QPSK modulation comprises each symbol carrying two bits of information and the de-mapping assigning a pair of bits to each symbol depending on their location in a constellation of the R-QPSK modulation.
11. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 6 , wherein a decoding of the R-QPSK modulated information signal being based on both 1) regions of a constellation with high probability of phase overlapping encompass decisions being made based on the amplitude of the R-QPSK signal and 2) regions in the constellation with low probability of phase overlapping encompass decisions being made based on the phase of the R-QPSK signal.