Dynamic battery system voltage control through mixed dynamic series and parallel cell connections
View Patent ↗An electrified powertrain for a vehicle includes a battery system configured to switch individual battery modules between series, parallel, and bypassed connections, thereby eliminating the need for a DC-DC converter. The battery system is also configured to generate (via a set of drive switches) AC voltages for an electric motor, thereby eliminating the need for an inverter. Control methods for the electrified powertrain, which could be implemented in a controller of the vehicle, include controlling the switches of the battery system to maintain a constant desired output voltage during both discharging and recharging. The control methods also include controlling the series, parallel, and/or bypass switches of the battery system to bypass malfunctioning battery modules and/or to decrease the output voltage of the battery system below a voltage threshold that requires electrical isolation.
1. An electrified powertrain for a vehicle, comprising:
an electric motor comprising at least one coil and a rotor;
a battery system configured to output a high voltage, the battery system comprising a plurality of battery modules, each battery module comprising:
a battery cell configured to generate a low voltage,
at least one series switch configured to connect the battery cell in series with at least one neighboring battery module,
a parallel switch configured to connect the battery cell in parallel with at least one neighboring battery module, and
a bypass switch configured to bypass the battery cell;
a motor drive module comprising a set of drive switches configured to provide an alternating current to each coil thereby causing the rotor of the electric motor to rotatably turn and generate drive torque; and
a controller configured to:
(i) control the switches of the battery modules to maintain the high voltage of the battery system at a desired voltage, and
(ii) control the motor drive module to generate a desired alternating current for each coil of the electric motor.
2. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control a switching sequence of the switches of the battery modules to maintain voltage balancing across the battery modules during both discharging of the battery system and recharging of the battery system.
3. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the switches of the battery modules to identify one or more malfunctioning battery modules.
4. The electrified powertrain of claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to control the switches of the battery modules to bypass any identified malfunctioning battery modules.
5. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the switches of the battery modules to connect at least some of the battery modules in parallel to decrease the high voltage of the battery system below a low threshold voltage.
6. The electrified powertrain of claim 5 , wherein the low threshold voltage is a voltage that does not require electrical isolation.
7. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the switches of the battery system to maintain the high voltage at the desired voltage during both discharging of the battery system and recharging of the battery system.
8. The electrified powertrain of claim 7 , wherein the desired voltage for recharging the battery system is based on one or more operating parameters of the battery system.
9. The electrified powertrain of claim 7 , wherein the desired voltage for discharging the battery system is (i) based on a torque request or (ii) for optimizing operation of the electric motor.
10. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the electrified powertrain is configured to generate the drive torque to propel the vehicle without using a direct current (DC) to DC converter.
11. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the electrified powertrain is configured to generate the drive torque to propel the vehicle without using an inverter.
12. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the drive switches are insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).
13. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein the switches are low voltage, high current switches.
14. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , further comprising a transmission configured to transfer drive the drive torque generated by the electric motor to a drivetrain of the vehicle.
15. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of battery modules comprises N battery modules, N being an integer greater than one;
(N−1) first battery modules each comprise four switches; and
a last battery module comprises three switches.
16. The electrified powertrain of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of battery modules comprises N modules, N being an integer greater than one;
(N−1) first battery modules each comprise two series switches configured to connect its battery cell in series with at least one neighboring battery module, the two series switches comprising a positive series switch and a negative series switch; and
a last battery module comprises one series switch configured to connect its battery cell in series with its one neighboring battery module, the one series switch being a positive series switch.