Lithium ion batteries with high capacity anode active material and good cycling for consumer electronics
Battery designs are provided that exhibit commercially suitable cycling properties for consumer electronics with silicon based active materials in the electrodes. The batteries can have stacked or wound electrodes and suitable electrode designs.
1. A lithium ion battery having a volume from 500 mm 3 to 100,000 mm 3 and comprising a positive electrode comprising a lithium metal oxide, a negative electrode comprising a silicon based active material, a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, supplemental lithium, and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, wherein the supplemental lithium is present in an amount to compensate for 110% to 170% of the negative electrode first cycle irreversible capacity loss, wherein the electrodes are wound or in a stack of electrodes, wherein the silicon based active material generally has a specific capacity from 800 mAh/g to 2500 mAh/g at a rate of C/3 when cycled from 1.5 V to 0.005 V against lithium, wherein the negative electrode has an active material loading from 1.5 mg/cm 2 to 8 mg/cm 2 and a density from 0.5 g/cc to 2.0 g/cc, wherein the lithium ion battery has a balance of negative electrode capacity relative to the sum of positive electrode capacity and supplemental lithium from 0.8 to 1.5 and wherein the battery exhibits a volumetric energy density at least 550 Wh/1 at a rate of C/10 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V and wherein the lithium ion battery has a 150th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V that is at least 70% of the 5th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V.
2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the lithium metal oxide comprises lithium cobalt oxide and the silicon based active material comprises a silicon suboxide-carbon composite.
3. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the silicon based active material generally has a specific capacity from 800 mAh/g to 2500 mAh/g at a rate of C/3 when cycled from 1.5 V to 0.005 V against lithium.
4. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the lithium ion battery has a balance of negative electrode capacity relative to the sum of positive electrode capacity and supplemental lithium from 0.95 to 1.4.
5. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the silicon based active material generally has a specific capacity from 950 mAh/g to 1800 mAh/g at a rate of C/3 when cycled from 1.5 V to 0.005 V against lithium.
6. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the battery exhibits a volumetric energy density at least 600 Wh/1 at a rate of C/10 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V.
7. The lithium ion battery of claim 6 wherein the lithium ion battery can have a 150th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V that is at least 70% of the 5th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V and wherein the electrolyte comprises from 6 wt % to 20 wt % fluoroethylene carbonate.
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the lithium ion battery has a prismatic shape and a wound positive electrode.
9. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the in the battery has a prismatic shape, a volume from 1000 mm 3 to 50,000 mm 3 and a stack with 7 to 16 layers of positive electrode.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode comprising lithium cobalt oxide, a negative electrode comprising a silicon based active material, a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, supplemental lithium and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions, wherein the supplemental lithium is present in an amount to compensate for 110% to 170% of the negative electrode first cycle irreversible capacity loss, wherein the silicon based active material generally has a specific capacity from 800 mAh/g to 2500 mAh/g at a rate of C/3 when cycled from 1.5 V to 0.005 V against lithium, wherein the lithium ion battery has a balance of negative electrode capacity relative to the sum of positive electrode capacity and supplemental lithium from 1.1 to 1.7 and wherein the lithium ion battery has a 150th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V that is at least 80% of the 5th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V, and wherein the negative electrode has an active material loading from 1.5 mg/cm 2 to 8 mg/cm 2 wherein the battery exhibits a volumetric energy density at least 550 Wh/1;
wherein the lithium ion battery has a balance of negative electrode capacity relative to the sum of positive electrode capacity and supplemental lithium from 0.95 to 1.4, wherein the battery has a volume from 500 mm 3 to 100,000 mm 3 , and wherein the battery exhibits a volumetric energy density at least 525 Wh/1 at a rate of C/10 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V.
11. The lithium ion battery of claim 10 wherein the silicon based active material comprises a silicon suboxide-carbon composite.
12. The lithium ion battery of claim 10 wherein the silicon based active material generally has a specific capacity from 800 mAh/g to 2500 mAh/g at a rate of C/3 when cycled from 1.5 V to 0.005 V against lithium.
13. The lithium ion battery of claim 10 wherein the lithium ion battery has a 150th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V that is at least 85% of the 5th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V and wherein the negative electrode further comprises carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers or a combination thereof as an electrically conductive agent.
14. The lithium ion battery of claim 10 wherein the lithium ion battery can have a 400th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V that is at least 70% of the 5th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V.
15. The lithium ion battery of claim 10 wherein the positive electrode has a loading from 12 mg/cm 2 to 35 mg/cm 2 and a density of active material from 3.2 g/cc to 4.5 g/cc, and wherein the negative electrode has a loading from 2.5 mg/cm 2 to 7 mg/cm 2 and a density from 0.6 g/cc to 1.2 g/cc.
16. The lithium ion battery of claim 10 wherein the electrolyte comprises from 6 wt % to 20 wt % fluoroethylene carbonate.
17. The lithium ion battery of claim 10 wherein the negative electrode further comprise from 12 wt % to 70 wt % graphitic carbon active material relative to the total active material weight and wherein the lithium ion battery has a 300th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V that is at least 80% of the 5th cycle discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/3 discharged from 4.35 V to 2.75 V.
18. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the electrodes are wound in a cylindrical shape.