Water softening compositions and methods
Novel water softening products and methods of treating hard water are provided. The products comprise a salt and a metal chelating agent. The products are useful for regenerating ion exchange material in a water softening system and providing softened water containing both sodium and potassium ions, while having dramatically increased efficiencies over prior art products.
1. A method to achieve regeneration of an ion exchange material in a water softening system, the method comprising contacting said ion exchange material with an aqueous solution or dispersion to yield a regenerated ion exchange material, wherein:
said ion exchange material comprises metal ions that have been extracted from a source of hard water;
said aqueous solution or dispersion comprises a salt and a metal chelating agent, said metal chelating agent being present at levels of less than about 75 ppm, based on said salt;
said salt is selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KCl, K 2 SO 4 , NaHCO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , NaH 2 PO 4 , KHCO 3 , KH 2 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , Na 2 CO3, K 2 CO 3 , and mixtures thereof;
during said contacting, at least a portion of the metal ions that have been extracted from the hard water present in said ion exchange material are replaced with another metal ion selected from the group consisting of sodium (Na − ) and potassium (K + );
at least a portion of the metal ions that were previously extracted from the hard water bind with at least a portion of the metal chelating agent; and
at least about 50% more metal ions are removed from said ion exchange material during said contacting than would be removed from said ion exchange material under the same conditions but in the absence of said metal chelating agent.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium succinate, potassium succinate, aspartate, maleate, ethylenediamine tetraacetate, ethylene glycol tetraacetate, polyacrylate, polymaleate, polymerized amino acids, 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate, sulfonated polycarboxylate copolymers, and polymethacrylate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said aqueous solution or dispersion consists essentially of said salt and said metal chelating agent.
4. The method of claim 1 , said aqueous solution or dispersion comprising from about 1% to about 50% by weight of said salt, based upon the total weight of the solution or dispersion taken as 100% by weight.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming said aqueous solution or dispersion by adding said salt and said metal chelating agent to water.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said salt and said metal chelating agent are independently added to the water.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said forming comprises adding a self-sustaining body to said water, said self-sustaining body comprising said salt and said metal chelating agent compacted together into a single solid product.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the forming comprises adding a solution of salt brine containing said metal chelating agent to the water.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the forming comprises adding a solid blend of discrete salt particles and said metal chelating agent to the water.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting said regenerated ion exchange material with water so as to yield softened water.