Flexible PVC compounds having a low metals content
View Patent ↗A flexible compound comprising PVC or its co-polymers; greater than 10 to 200 parts by weight of at least one bio-based primary plasticizer comprising epoxidized fatty acid esters, wherein the fatty acids are derived from natural oils and animal fats, based on 100 parts by weight of PVC or its co-polymers; and 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a mixed metal stabilizer comprising a zinc compound and at least one metal compound where the metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd, Al, La, Ce or rare earth metals, based on 100 parts by weight of PVC or its co-polymers, wherein an atomic ratio of metal/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is less than 1.0.
1. A flexible compound comprising:
a. homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride;
b. greater than 10 to 200 parts by weight of at least one bio-based primary plasticizer comprising epoxidized fatty acid esters, wherein the fatty acids are derived from natural oils and animal fats, based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or co-polymers of vinyl chloride; and
c. 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a mixed metal stabilizer comprising a zinc compound and at least one metal compound where the metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd, Al, La, Ce or rare earth metals, based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or co-polymers of vinyl chloride,
wherein an atomic ratio of metal/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is less than 1.0.
2. The flexible compound of claim 1 , wherein the natural oils are selected from vegetable oils or plant oils.
3. The flexible compound of claim 2 , wherein the natural oils are selected from soybean oil, palm oil, olive oil, tall oil, castor oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, Jatropha oil, algae oil, corn oil, tung oil, or mixtures thereof.
4. The flexible compound of claim 3 , wherein the natural oils are selected from soybean oil, linseed oil, tall oil or mixtures thereof.
5. The flexible compound of claim 1 wherein the animal fats are selected from beef, mutton, pork, dairy, poultry fat or mixtures thereof.
6. The flexible compound of claim 5 wherein the animal fats are selected from suet, dripping, tallow, lard, bacon, fatback, butter, poultry fat, schmaltz, blubber or mixtures thereof.
7. The flexible compound of claim 1 wherein the fatty acids derived from natural oils and animal fats are substantially fully esterified with monohydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols.
8. The flexible compound of claim 1 wherein the at least one bio-based primary plasticizer is present in an amount from 15 to 75 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
9. The flexible compound of claim 8 , wherein the at least one bio-based primary plasticizer is present in an amount from 30 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
10. The flexible compound of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal stabilizer comprises barium and zinc, magnesium and zinc, calcium and zinc, or calcium, magnesium and zinc.
11. The flexible compound of claim 1 , wherein the zinc and metal compounds are independently selected from carboxylates, overbased carboxylates, glycerolates, hydroxides, phosphites, or benzoates, the carboxylates being independently selected from oleates, stearates, palmitates, soyates, tallates, myristylates, hydroxystearates, dihydroxy-stearates, laurates, 2-ethylhexanoates and salts of shorter-chain alkanecarboxylic acids.
12. The flexible compound of claim 11 wherein the zinc and metal carboxylates are selected from carboxylates of carboxylic acids having 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
13. The flexible compound of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal stabilizer is present in an amount from 0.01 to 8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
14. The flexible compound of claim 13 , wherein the mixed metal stabilizer is present in an amount from 0.05 to 5.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
15. The flexible compound of claim 1 , wherein when the metal is calcium, a calcium/Zn atomic ratio is less than 0.3 in the mixed metal stabilizer.
16. The flexible compound of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal stabilizer further comprises a co-stabilizer selected from polyols, hydrotalcites, phosphite compounds, and mixtures thereof.
17. A process comprising:
mixing homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride, greater than 10 to 200 parts by weight of at least one bio-based plasticizer and 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a mixed metal stabilizer, each based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride, wherein
the at least one bio-based primary plasticizer comprises epoxidized fatty acid esters wherein the fatty acids are derived from natural oils and animal fats, and
the mixed metal stabilizer comprises a zinc compound and at least one metal compound where the metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd, Al, La, Ce or rare earth metals, and an atomic ratio of metal/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is less than 1.0.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the natural oils are selected from vegetable oils or plant oils.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the natural oils are selected from soybean oil, palm oil, olive oil, tall oil, castor oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, jatropha oil, algae oil, corn oil, tung oil, or mixtures thereof.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the natural oils are selected from soybean oil, linseed oil, tall oil or mixtures thereof.
21. The process of claim 17 wherein the animal fats are selected from beef, mutton, pork, dairy, poultry fat or mixtures thereof.
22. The process of claim 21 wherein the animal fats are selected from suet, dripping, tallow, lard, bacon, fatback, butter, poultry fat, schmaltz, blubber or mixtures thereof.
23. The process of claim 17 wherein the fatty acids derived from natural oils and animal fats are substantially fully esterified with monohydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols.
24. The process of claim 17 wherein the at least one bio-based primary plasticizer is present in an amount from 15 to 75 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
25. The process of claim 24 , wherein the at least one bio-based primary plasticizer is present in an amount from 30 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
26. The process of claim 17 , wherein the mixed metal stabilizer comprises barium and zinc, magnesium and zinc, calcium and zinc, or calcium, magnesium and zinc.
27. The process of claim 17 , wherein the zinc and metal compounds are independently selected from carboxylates, overbased carboxylates, glycerolates, hydroxides, phosphites, or benzoates, the carboxylates being independently selected from oleates, stearates, palmitates, soyates, tallates, myristylates, hydroxystearates, dihydroxy-stearates, laurates, 2-ethylhexanoates and salts of shorter-chain alkanecarhoxylic acids.
28. The process of claim 27 wherein the zinc and metal carboxylates are selected from carboxylates of carboxylic acids having 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
29. The process of claim 17 , wherein the mixed metal stabilizer is present in an amount from 0.01 to 8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
30. The process of claim 29 , wherein the mixed metal stabilizer is present in an amount from 0.05 to 5.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride.
31. The process of claim 17 , wherein when the metal is calcium, a calcium/Zn atomic ratio is less than 0.3 in the mixed metal stabilizer.
32. The process of claim 17 wherein the mixed metal stabilizer further comprises a co-stabilizer selected from polyols, hydrotalcites, phosphite compounds, and mixtures thereof.
33. A mixed metal stabilizer comprising a zinc compound and at least one metal compound, where the metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Sr, Ba, Cd, Al, La, Ce or rare earth metals, wherein an atomic ratio of metal/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is less than 1.0.
34. The mixed metal stabilizer of claim 33 wherein the atomic ratio of metal/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is 0.01 to 0.75.
35. A mixed metal stabilizer comprising a zinc compound and a calcium compound wherein the atomic ratio of calcium/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is less than 0.3.
36. The mixed metal stabilizer of claim 35 wherein the atomic ratio of calcium/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is 0.1 to less than 0.3.
37. A mixed metal stabilizer comprising a zinc compound and a barium compound wherein an atomic ratio of barium/Zn is less than 1.
38. The mixed metal stabilizer of claim 37 wherein the atomic ratio of barium/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is less than 0.66.
39. The flexible compound of claim 38 wherein the atomic ratio of barium/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is 0.1 to 0.6.
40. A flexible compound comprising:
a. homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride;
b. greater than 10 to 200 parts by weight of a bio-based primary plasticizer comprising a blend of epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized 2-ethylhexyl tallate or epoxidized 2-ethylhexyl soyate, based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or co-polymers of vinyl chloride; and
c. 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a mixed metal stabilizer comprising a zinc compound and at least one metal compound where the metal is selected from Ca or Ba, based on 100 parts by weight of the homopolymers or co-polymers of vinyl chloride,
wherein an atomic ratio of metal/Zn for the mixed metal stabilizer is less than 1.0.
41. The flexible compound of claim 40 wherein the bio-based primary plasticizer is a blend of epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized 2-ethylhexyl tallate.
42. The flexible compound of claim 40 wherein the bio-based primary plasticizer is a blend of epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized 2-ethylhexyl soyate.