Electrode system for electrical stimulation
A system for electrically stimulating and/or detecting bioelectrical signals of a user comprising: an array of permeable bodies configured to absorb a solution that facilitates electrical coupling with a body region of the user; a housing defining an array of protrusions conforming to the body region and comprising: an array of channels distributed across the array of protrusions, each channel at least partially surrounding a permeable body, configured to deliver the solution to the permeable body, and comprising a barrier that prevents passage of the permeable body past the barrier, and a manifold configured to distribute the solution to the array of channels; and a coupling subsystem comprising a first electrical coupling region in electrical communication with an interior of the manifold, wherein the first electrical coupling region is configured to couple to a second electrical coupling region that couples the first electrical coupling region to the electronics subsystem.
1. A system for performing at least one of electrically stimulating a user and detecting biosignals from the user, the system comprising:
an array of permeable bodies configured to absorb and deliver a solution that facilitates electrical coupling between the system and a body region of the user;
a housing defining an array of protrusions conforming to the body region of the user and comprising:
an array of channels distributed across the array of protrusions, each channel in the array of channels at least partially surrounding a permeable body of the array of permeable bodies, configured to deliver the solution to the permeable body, and comprising a barrier configured to prevent passage of the permeable body past the barrier in a distal to proximal direction towards the housing, and
a manifold configured to distribute the solution to the array of channels through the barriers of the array of channels;
an electronics subsystem comprising a power module and a stimulus generator, and configured to transmit stimulation by way of the array of permeable bodies; and
a coupling subsystem comprising a first electrical coupling region in electrical communication with an interior portion of the manifold and a second electrical coupling region, configured to couple the first electrical coupling region to the electronics subsystem.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the array of protrusions comprises an array of teeth extending laterally from the housing, wherein each tooth of the array of teeth includes a wedge-shaped leading edge, and wherein collectively, a distal surface of each of the array of teeth defines a concave surface configured to conform to the head of the user, upon coupling of the housing to the user.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the distal surface of at least one of the array of teeth includes an opening into a channel of the array of channels, and wherein the channel includes a corrugated surface having ridges that are medially oriented within the opening and configured to grip a permeable body of the array of permeable bodies.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the distal surface of each of the array of teeth includes a set of openings into a channel of the array of channels, wherein each opening in the set of openings is configured to exude a controlled volume of the solution in the presence of a positive pressure within the manifold.
5. The system of claim 1 , further including a set of conducting pathways fluidly coupled to a reservoir of the manifold and to the array of channels, wherein conducting pathways of the set of conducting pathways positioned further from a central portion of the reservoir are configured to provide a lower amount of flow resistance in comparison to conducting pathways of the set of conducting pathways positioned closer to the central portion of the reservoir, in order to facilitate substantially uniform delivery of the solution across the set of conducting pathways.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the array of protrusions comprises an array of conical protrusions extending perpendicularly from a broad surface of the housing, each conical protrusion tapering to a blunted end with an opening into a channel of the array of channels, and wherein the array of conical protrusions is arranged in a series of concentric circles.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first electrical coupling region is configured to reversibly couple to a second electrical coupling region at a location external to the housing.
8. A system for performing at least one of electrically stimulating a user and detecting biosignals from the user, the system comprising:
an array of permeable bodies configured to absorb and deliver a solution that facilitates electrical coupling between the system and a body region of the user;
a housing defining an array of protrusions conforming to the body region of the user and comprising:
an array of channels distributed across the array of protrusions, each channel in the array of channels at least partially surrounding a permeable body of the array of permeable bodies, configured to deliver the solution to the permeable body, and comprising a barrier configured to prevent passage of the permeable body past the barrier in a distal to proximal direction towards the housing, and
a manifold configured to distribute the solution to the array of channels through the barriers of the array of channels; and
a coupling subsystem comprising a first electrical coupling region in electrical communication with an interior portion of the manifold, wherein the first electrical coupling region is configured to couple to a second electrical coupling region configured to couple the first electrical coupling region to an electronics subsystem.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the array of protrusions comprises an array of teeth extending laterally from the housing, wherein each tooth of the array of teeth includes a wedge-shaped leading edge, and wherein collectively, a distal surface of each of the array of teeth defines a concave surface configured to conform to the skull of the user, upon coupling of the housing to the user.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the distal surface of at least one of the array of teeth includes an opening into a channel of the array of channels, and wherein a subset of the array of permeable bodies is retained within the opening.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the array of protrusions extends perpendicularly from a broad surface of the housing, each protrusion tapering to a blunted end with an opening into a channel of the array of channels, and wherein collectively, the blunted end of each of the array of protrusions defines a concave surface configured to conform to the skull of the user, upon coupling of the housing to the user.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the array of protrusions includes a set of regions multiplexed to an electronics subsystem, wherein each region in the set of regions is configured to deliver stimulation independent of other regions in the set of regions.
13. The system of claim 8 , wherein each channel in the array of channels includes a surface having protruding elements that are medially oriented within the channel and configured to retain a permeable body of the array of permeable bodies in position within the channel.
14. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first electrical coupling region is configured to reversibly couple to a second electrical coupling region at a location external to the housing.
15. The system of claim 8 , wherein the manifold includes a set of conducting pathways fluidly coupled to a reservoir and to the array of channels, wherein conducting pathways of the set of conducting pathways positioned further from a central portion of the reservoir are configured to provide a lower amount of flow resistance in comparison to conducting pathways of the set of conducting pathways positioned closer to the central portion of the reservoir, in order to facilitate substantially uniform delivery of the solution across the set of conducting pathways.
16. The system of claim 8 , further comprising an electronics subsystem comprising a power module and a stimulus generator, and configured to transmit stimulation and facilitate bioelectrical signal detection by way of the array of permeable bodies.