Integrated circuit with CO
Disclosed is an integrated circuit ( 100 ) comprising a semiconductor substrate ( 110 ) carrying a plurality of circuit elements ( 111 ); and a carbon dioxide sensor ( 120 ) over said semiconductor substrate, said sensor comprising a pair of electrodes ( 122, 124 ) laterally separated from each other; and a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) permeable polymer matrix ( 128 ) at least partially covering the pair of electrodes, said matrix encapsulating a liquid ( 126 ) comprising an organic alcohol and an organic amidine or guanidine base. A composition for forming such a CO 2 sensor on the IC and a method of manufacturing such an IC are also disclosed.
1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a semiconductor substrate carrying a plurality of circuit elements; and
a CO 2 -sensor over the semiconductor substrate, the sensor comprising:
a pair of electrodes laterally separated from each other; and
a CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix at least partially covering the pair of electrodes,
the CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix immobilizing and encapsulating a CO 2 -binding organic liquid comprising:
an organic alcohol; and
an amidine or guanidine base,
wherein the dielectric constant of the liquid changes as a function of CO 2 concentration, and
wherein the CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix comprises a gel forming polymer.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the gel forming polymer is a block copolymer comprising at least one rigid block and at least one elastomeric block.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 2 , wherein the at least one rigid block is individually selected from polystyrene (PS) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), and/or
wherein at least one elastomeric block is individually selected from hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(butadiene) (PEB; PB) or hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(isoprene) (PEP; PI).
4. The integrated circuit of claim 3 , wherein the block copolymer is selected from PS-PEB, PS-PEB-PS and PS-PI-PS.
5. The integrated circuit of claim 2 , wherein the block copolymer has a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 1,000-1,000,000 and preferably in the range of 10,000-500,000.
6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the amidine base is a liquid compound according to or comprising Formula I:
wherein R 1 and R 2 are individually selected from hydrogen, a linear or branched unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl group, a linear or branched unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 30 alkoxy group, a linear or branched unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 30 thioalkoxy group, a C 6 -C 12 unsubstituted or substituted aryl group or a linear or branched low molecular weight polymer molecule selected from hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(butadiene) or hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(isoprene),
wherein X is an integer preferably selected from 1 to 10, more preferably selected from 1 to 4 and most preferably selected from 1 to 2, and
wherein the molecular weight of the amidine base is 300-10000, preferably between 1000-5000 and most preferably between 1500 and 3000 grams/mole.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the organic alcohol is a liquid selected from the group comprising of C 6 -C 30 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl alcohols and C 6 -C 30 linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl alcohols comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond, or a linear or branched low molecular weight polymer molecule selected from hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(butadiene) or hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(isoprene), and
wherein the molecular weight of the organic alcohol is between 300-10000, preferably between 1000-5000 and most preferably between 1500 and 3000 grams/mole.
8. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a relative humidity sensor for cross-referencing the output of the CO 2 sensor.
9. The integrated circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one patterned metallization layer for interconnecting the plurality of circuit elements and a passivation layer over the at least one patterned metallization layer,
wherein each electrode of the pair of electrodes is at least partially located on the passivation layer and conductively coupled to respective portions of the at least one patterned metallization layer.
10. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein gel-forming polymer in a range of 40-70% by weight relative to the total weight of the CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix.
11. A composition for forming the CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix of the integrated circuit of any of claim 1 , the composition comprising:
a volatile solvent; and
a gel-forming polymer, an organic alcohol, and an organic amidine or guanidine base dissolved in the volatile solvent.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the gel forming polymer is a block copolymer comprising at least one rigid block and at least one elastomeric block,
wherein the at least one rigid block is optionally selected from polystyrene (PS) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), and/or
wherein at least one elastomeric block is individually selected from hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(butadiene) (PEB; PB) or hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated poly(isoprene) (PEP; PI).
13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the volatile solvent is toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran.
14. An integrated circuit comprising:
a semiconductor substrate carrying a plurality of circuit elements; and
a CO 2 -sensor over the semiconductor substrate, the sensor comprising:
a pair of electrodes laterally separated from each other; and
a CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix at least partially covering the pair of electrodes,
the CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix immobilizing and encapsulating a CO 2 -binding organic liquid comprising:
an organic alcohol; and
an amidine or guanidine base,
wherein the CO 2 -permeable polymer matrix comprises a gel forming polymer, and
wherein the CO 2 -binding organic liquid provides for CO 2 sensitivity of the CO 2 -sensor.