Process to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and mercury from coal-fired boilers
View Patent ↗A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury.
1. A flue gas additive, comprising:
a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted, wherein the nitrogenous material comprises one or more of an amine and amide; and
a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted.
2. The flue gas additive of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous material comprises urea.
3. The flue gas additive of claim 1 , wherein the halogen in the halogen-containing material is one or more of iodine and bromine.
4. The flue gas additive of claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the nitrogen content of the nitrogenous material to the halogen content in the halogen-containing material in the additive commonly ranges from about 1:1 to about 2,400:1.
5. The flue gas additive of claim 1 , wherein the flue gas additive is in the form of a liquid in a liquid carrier and wherein a concentration of the nitrogenous material in the liquid carrier ranges from about 20 to about 60 wt. %.
6. The flue gas additive of claim 1 , wherein, when the additive added to a gas stream comprising nitrogen oxides, an amount of the flue gas additive is added to the gas stream to form a normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR) of ammonia to nitrogen oxides of about 1 to about 3.
7. A flue gas additive, comprising:
a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted; and
a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the additive is supported by a particulate substrate that is one or more of a combustion feed material, a zeolite, porous metal silicate material, clay, activated carbon, char, graphite, ash, metal, and metal oxide.
8. A flue gas additive, comprising:
a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted; and
a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the additive is unsupported and in the form of a free-flowing particulate having a P 80 size ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).
9. A flue gas additive, comprising:
a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted; and
a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the flue gas additive is mixed with coal to form a combined combustion feed material and wherein the combined combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt. % of the flue gas additive, with the remainder being coal.
10. A flue gas additive, comprising:
a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted; and
a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the flue gas additive is mixed with coal to form a combined combustion feed material, wherein the flue gas additive comprises a coating to impede thermal degradation and/or decomposition of the nitrogenous material and wherein the combined combustion feed material comprises from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt. % of the flue gas additive, with the remainder being coal.
11. A combined combustion feed material comprising a nitrogenous material for reducing nitrogen oxides, coal, and a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted.
12. The combined combustion feed material of claim 11 , wherein the combined weight of the nitrogenous and halogen-containing materials comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the combined combustion feed material, with the remainder being coal.
13. The combined combustion feed material of claim 11 , wherein the nitrogenous material is at least one of an amine and amide and wherein the coal is at least one of a high alkali coal, high iron coal, and high sulfur coal.
14. The combined combustion feed material of claim 11 , wherein the combined combustion feed material comprises a mass ratio of nitrogen from the nitrogenous material to the mass of:halogen from the halogen-containing material ranges from about 1:1 to about 2400:1.
15. A flue gas additive, comprising:
a nitrogenous material that forms ammonia when combusted; and
a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the flue gas additive comprises from about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % of the nitrogenous additive and wherein a mass ratio of the nitrogen content of the nitrogenous material to the halogen content in the halogen-containing material ranges from about 1:1 to about 2400:1.
16. A flue gas additive, comprising:
a urea; and
a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the urea is a polymerized methylene urea and wherein the halogen in the halogen-containing material is iodine.
17. The flue gas additive of claim 16 , further comprising:
a liquid carrier, wherein the flue gas additive is in the form of a liquid and wherein an amount of the nitrogenous material in the liquid carrier ranges from about 20 to about 60 wt. %.
18. A flue gas additive, comprising: a urea and a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the flue gas additive is supported by a particulate substrate that is one or more of a combustion feed material, a zeolite, porous metal silicate material, clay, activated carbon, char, graphite, ash, metal, and metal oxide.
19. A flue gas additive, comprising: a urea and a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the flue gas additive is unsupported and in the form of a free-flowing particulate having a P 80 size ranging from about 6 to about 20 mesh (Tyler).
20. A flue gas additive, comprising: a urea and a halogen-containing material that forms a gas phase halogen when combusted, wherein the urea and the halogen-containing material are mixed with coal and wherein the urea and the halogen-containing material together comprise from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt. % of the flue gas additive, with the remainder being coal.