Antenna array and method for synthesizing antenna patterns

1. An antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements vertically arranged in a vertical column comprising:

a plurality of transceiver modules;

an active antenna element subset of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the active antenna element subset comprises at least one active antenna element, the at least one active antenna element being actively coupled to its own subset transceiver module of the plurality of transceiver modules, wherein at least one of phases and amplitudes of the at least one active antenna element of the active antenna element subset may be dynamically determined by beam forming parameters; and

at least one passively combined sub-array of at least two antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein said at least one passively combined sub-array is actively coupled to an associated sub-array transceiver module of the plurality of transceiver modules, wherein the at least two antenna elements are passively combined by a passive feed network, the passive feed network being adjusted by determining static phase relations between the at least two antenna elements of the at least one passively combined subarray and wherein the passive feed network is coupled actively to a common sub-array transceiver module of the plurality of transceiver modules, wherein at least one of phases and amplitudes of said at least one passively combined sub-array may be dynamically determined by beam forming parameters, and

wherein the active antenna element subset and the at least one passively combined sub-array are arranged in said vertical column.

2. The antenna array of claim 1 , comprising at least two passively combined sub-arrays, wherein the active antenna element subset is located between said at least two passively combined sub-arrays.

3. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the at least two antenna elements of said at least one passively combined sub-array have a smaller spacing between individual ones of the at least two antenna elements than the spacing between an active antenna element in the active antenna element subset and an antenna element in said at least one passively combined sub-array.

4. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the number of transceiver modules in the plurality of transceiver modules is smaller than the number of antenna elements in the plurality of antenna elements.

5. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the antenna elements are arranged in a single vertical column.

6. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the active antenna element subset and the at least one passively combined sub-array are arranged one below the other in the single vertical column.

7. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the single vertical column comprises a predefined number of horizontal lines, wherein there is only one antenna element per line.

8. A computer program product embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and the computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions for the manufacture of an antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements vertically arranged in a vertical column, the antenna array comprising:

a plurality of transceiver modules;

an active antenna element subset of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the active antenna element subset comprises at least one active antenna element, the at least one active antenna element being actively coupled to its own subset transceiver module of the plurality of transceiver modules, wherein at least one of phases and amplitudes of said at least one active antenna element may be dynamically determined by beam forming parameters; and

at least one passively combined sub-array of at least two antenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein said at least one passively combined sub-array is actively coupled to an associated sub-array transceiver module of the plurality of transceiver modules, wherein the at least two antenna elements are passively combined by a passive feed network, the passive feed network being adjusted by determining static phase relations between the at least two antenna elements of the at least one passively combined subarray and wherein the passive feed network is coupled actively to a common sub-array transceiver module of the plurality of transceiver modules wherein at least one of phases and amplitudes of said at least one passively combined sub-array may be dynamically determined by beam forming parameters, and

wherein the active antenna element subset and the at least one passively combined sub-array are arranged in said vertical column.