Methods to increase gasoline yield
View Patent ↗The present application generally relates to methods to increase the gasoline and/or light cycle oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction by injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker, and the resulting fuels therefrom.
1. A method to increase the yield of gasoline, comprising:
cracking an unenriched renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction in a fluidized catalytic cracker, wherein the yield of gasoline, when computed on an equivalent carbon input basis, is higher than that achieved under the same conditions during fluidized catalytic cracking of the petroleum fraction alone,
wherein:
the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprises a carbon content of at least 40 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, an oxygen content in the range of between 20-50 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, and a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. %.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a pH of less than 3.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil and the petroleum fraction are injected together into the fluidized catalytic cracker in the following relative proportions:
i) 93-99.95 wt. % of the petroleum fraction; and
ii) 0.05-7 wt. % of the unenriched renewable fuel oil.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the relative proportion of unenriched renewable fuel oil is less than 1 wt. %.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil and the petroleum fraction have a total acid number of 0.05 to 1.0 at the point of injection.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising injecting the petroleum fraction and the unenriched renewable fuel oil at different locations in the fluidized catalytic cracker.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil and the petroleum fraction together comprise:
i) 93-99.95 wt. % of the petroleum fraction; and
ii) 0.05-7 wt. % of the unenriched renewable fuel oil.
8. the method of claim 7 , wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil and the petroleum fraction together comprise: less than 1 wt. % of the unenriched renewable fuel oil.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil further comprises the product of a mechanical grinding of a cellulosic biomass.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil further comprises the product of a non-catalytic rapid thermal processing of the cellulosic biomass.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least 60 wt. % of the cellulosic biomass is converted to the unenriched renewable fuel oil.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum fraction is a vapor gas oil.
13. A method to increase the yield of gasoline, comprising: co-processing a feedstock comprising:
i) 93-99.95 wt. % of a vapor gas oil; and
ii) 0.05-7 wt. % of the unenriched renewable fuel oil,
wherein the yield of gasoline, when computed on an equivalent carbon input basis, is higher than that achieved under the same conditions during fluidized catalytic cracking of the petroleum fraction alone,
wherein the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprises:
the product of a mechanical and thermal conversion of a cellulosic biomass comprising grinding and non-catalytic rapid thermal processing to convert at least 60 wt. % of the cellulosic biomass to the unenriched renewable fuel oil; and
a carbon content of at least 40 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, an oxygen content in the range of between 20-50 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, a pH of less than 3, and a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. %.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein: the feedstock comprises less than 1 wt. % of the unenriched renewable fuel oil.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
i) the cellulosic biomass comprises wood or wood residues; and
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a solids content of less than 0.5 wt. % and an ash content of less than 0.1 wt. %.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
i) at least 70 wt. % of the cellulosic biomass is converted to the unenriched renewable fuel oil; and
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprises a carbon content in the range of between 50-75 wt. % on a moisture-free basis.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
i) the cellulosic biomass comprises bagasse, palm fronds, or empty fruit bunches; and
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a solids content of less than 0.5 wt. % and an ash content of less than 0.1 wt. %.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
i) at least 70 wt. % of the cellulosic biomass is converted to the unenriched renewable fuel oil; and
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprises a carbon content in the range of between 50-75 wt. % on a moisture-free basis.
19. A method to decrease the yield of heavy cycle oil, comprising:
co-processing in a fluidized catalytic cracker a feedstock comprising:
i) 93-99.95 wt. % of a petroleum fraction; and
ii) 0.05-7 wt. % of an unenriched renewable fuel oil,
wherein the yield of heavy cycle oil, when computed on an equivalent carbon input basis, is lower than that achieved under the same conditions during fluidized catalytic cracking of the petroleum fraction alone, the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprising:
a carbon content of at least 40 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, an oxygen content in the range of between 20-50 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, and a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. %.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein:
i) the unenriched renewable fuel oil is derived from a cellulosic biomass comprising wood or wood residues;
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a solids content of less than 0.5 wt. % and an ash content of less than 0.1 wt. %;
iii) at least 70 wt. % of the cellulosic biomass is converted to the unenriched renewable fuel oil; and
iv) the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprises a carbon content in the range of between 50-75 wt. % on a moisture-free basis.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein:
i) the unenriched renewable fuel oil is derived from a cellulosic biomass comprising bagasse, palm fronds, or empty fruit bunches; and
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a solids content of less than 0.5 wt. % and an ash content of less than 0.1 wt. %.
22. A method to increase the yield of light cycle oil, comprising:
co-processing in a fluidized catalytic cracker a feedstock comprising:
i) 93-99.95 wt. % of a petroleum fraction; and
ii) 0.05-7 wt. % of an unenriched renewable fuel oil,
wherein the yield of light cycle oil, when computed on an equivalent carbon input basis, is higher than that achieved under the same conditions during fluidized catalytic cracking of the petroleum fraction alone, the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprising:
a carbon content of at least 40 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, an oxygen content in the range of between 20-50 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, and a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. %.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein:
i) the unenriched renewable fuel oil is derived from a cellulosic biomass comprising wood or wood residues;
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a solids content of less than 0.5 wt. % and an ash content of less than 0.1 wt. %;
iii) at least 70 wt. % of the cellulosic biomass is converted to the unenriched renewable fuel oil; and
iv) the unenriched renewable fuel oil comprises a carbon content in the range of between 50-75 wt. % on a moisture-free basis.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein:
i) the unenriched renewable fuel oil is derived from a cellulosic biomass comprising bagasse, palm fronds, or empty fruit bunches; and
ii) the unenriched renewable fuel oil has a solids content of less than 0.5 wt. % and an ash content of less than 0.1 wt. %.