Direct contact condenser

1. An apparatus for condensing steam, comprising:

at least two chambers with,

a first chamber operated as co-current flow condensing chamber including a cooling liquid distribution system with a plurality of channels arranged above a plurality of film carriers having flat surface areas to carry films of cooling liquid, with the film carriers arranged in modules with each of the modules including elements to fix the modules to neighboring modules or to a housing, and further including at least parts of the cooling liquid distribution system, and

a second chamber operated as counter-current flow condensing chamber.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the film carriers include a plurality of essentially flat plates.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the film carriers include a plurality of essentially flat metal plates.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system generates a turbulent film on faces of the film carriers.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system releases a flow of coolant with a film Reynolds number Re(F) in the range of 1500 to 3000.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system releases a flow of water at a rate of 1.5 liters to 3.0 liters per second per meter of films width.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system includes pipes in which coolant flows in mutually opposing directions.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system includes pipes with a bottom slit partly filled by an upper edge of the film carriers, leaving two gaps for a flow of coolant onto opposing faces of the film carriers.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a pressure drop of the films of cooling liquid across a film dispenser device is lower than 300 mbar.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system includes pipes with a bottom slit partly filled by an upper edge of the film carriers, the upper edge held in place by a sheet or sheets leaving a plurality of openings for a flow of coolant onto opposing faces of the film carriers.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system includes pipes with an oval cross-section.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cooling liquid distribution system includes pipes arranged into at least two rows with a lower row shifted, relative to an upper row, vertically by approximately one pipe diameter and horizontally by approximately half of one pipe diameter.