Method of trading cellulosic-renewable identification numbers

1. A method of trading U.S. renewable identification numbers, comprising:

obtaining a renewable fuel oil derived by mechanical and non-catalytic conversion of a cellulosic biomass;

co-processing a renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction as reactants to form a U.S. renewable identification number-compliant fuel;

obtaining one or more U.S. renewable identification numbers for the U.S. renewable identification number-compliant fuel; and

transferring the rights of at least a portion of the one or more U.S. renewable identification numbers from the owner or purchaser of the fuel

wherein the renewable fuel oil has a carbon content of at least 40 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, an oxygen content in the range of between 20-50 wt. % on a moisture-free basis, and a water content in the range of between 10-40 wt. %.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more U.S. renewable identification numbers is one or more U.S. cellulosic renewable identification numbers.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the U.S. renewable identification number-compliant fuel is an internal combustion engine fuel compliant with a fuel pathway specified in U.S. renewable fuel standard program regulations for generating U.S. cellulosic renewable identification numbers.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the co-processing occurs in a refinery conversion unit.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the renewable fuel oil is 1-5 wt. % of the reactants.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the refinery conversion unit is a fluidized catalytic cracker.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the co-processing occurs in a refinery conversion unit.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the refinery conversion unit is a fluidized catalytic cracker.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel oil is unenriched.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transferring step further comprises transferring the rights of at least a portion of the one or more U.S. renewable identification numbers to a fuel producer.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the fuel producer uses the transferred U.S. renewable identification numbers to meet at least a part of their renewable fuel obligations under U.S. regulations.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the U.S. renewable identification number-compliant fuel is a D-code 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7-compliant fuel.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the U.S. renewable identification number-compliant fuel is a D-code 3-compliant fuel.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the U.S. renewable identification number-compliant fuel is a D-code 7-compliant fuel.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactants comprise:

i) 93-99.95 wt. % of petroleum fraction; and

ii) 0.05-7 wt. % of renewable fuel oil, relative to the total weight of petroleum fraction and renewable fuel oil reactants.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic biomass comprises wood, wood residues, or sawdust.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulosic biomass comprises bagasse, palm fronds, or empty fruit bunches.

18. The method of claim 9 , wherein the reactants comprise:

i) 93-99.95 wt. % of petroleum fraction; and

ii) 0.05-7 wt. % of unenriched renewable fuel oil, relative to the total weight of petroleum fraction and unenriched renewable fuel oil reactants.

19. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cellulosic biomass comprises wood, wood residues, or sawdust.

20. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cellulosic biomass comprises bagasse, palm fronds, or empty fruit bunches.