Polymeric composites having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof
Polymeric composites and methods of manufacturing polymeric composites are described. In one embodiment, a set of microcapsules containing a phase change material are mixed with a dispersing polymeric material to form a first blend. The dispersing polymeric material has a latent heat of at least 40 J/g and a transition temperature in the range of 0° C. to 50° C. The first blend is processed to form a polymeric composite. The polymeric composite can be formed in a variety of shapes, such as pellets, fibers, flakes, sheets, films, rods, and so forth. The polymeric composite can be used as is or incorporated in various articles where a thermal regulating property is desired.
1 . A composition for use in providing temperature regulating properties to a textile base material or other substrate, comprising:
a functional polymeric phase change material, the functional polymeric phase change material having a phase change enthalpy of at least 25 Joules/gram, and comprising
a backbone chain,
a plurality of side chains, and
at least one crystallizable section,
wherein the plurality of side chains form the at least one crystalizable section and wherein the functional polymeric material carries at least one reactive function on at least one of the plurality of side chains or the backbone chain, wherein the reactive function forms at least a first electrovalent bond.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reactive function is capable of forming at least a first electrovalent bond with a second material.
3 . The composition of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of reactive functions spread at substantially regular intervals along the backbone chain.
4 . The composition of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of reactive functions spread at random intervals along the backbone chain.
5 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reactive function is carried at one end of the backbone chain.
6 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reactive function is selected from the group consisting of acid functions, basic functions, positively charged complexes, negatively charged complexes, and combinations of the foregoing.
7 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, fur leather, polyester, cellulosic materials, proteinaceous materials, natural materials, regenerated materials, synthetic materials, and textiles made from the foregoing materials.
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functional polymeric phase change material is a first phase change material, and the composition further comprises a second phase change material, wherein the first phase change material has a first phase change temperature and the second phase change material has a second phase change temperature.
9 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functional polymeric phase change material has a plurality of phase change temperatures.
10 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functional polymeric phase change material has a transition temperature in the range between −10° C. and 100° C.
11 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functional polymeric phase material has a phase change enthalpy of at least 25 J/g.
12 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functional polymeric phase change material includes at least one reactive function per 10,000 molecular weight units.
13 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the at least one crystallizable section is hydrophilic.
14 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one crystallizable section is hydrophobic.
15 . The composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one crystallizable segment, the at least one crystallizable segment comprising a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments.
16 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reactive function is stereospecific.
17 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the crystallizable section is stereospecific.
18 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functional polymeric phase change material has a polydispersity of between 1.0 and 100.
19 . A preparation for use in providing temperature regulating properties to a textile base material or other substrate, comprising:
a functional polymeric phase change material, the functional polymeric phase change material having a phase change enthalpy of at least 25 Joules/gram, and comprising
a backbone chain,
a plurality of side chains, and
at least one crystallizable section,
wherein the plurality of side chains form the at least one crystalizable section and wherein the functional polymeric material carries at least one reactive function on at least one of the plurality of side chains or the backbone chain, wherein the reactive function forms at least a first electrovalent bond.
20 . A preparation according to claim 30 , further comprising at least one of an organic solvent, an aqueous medium, a binder, a catalyst for the reaction of said reactive function and combinations thereof.