Phosphor compositions and methods of making the same
Disclosed herein are emissive ceramic elements having low amounts of certain trace elements. Applicants have surprisingly found that a lower internal quantum efficiency (IQE) may be attributed to specific trace elements that, even at very low amounts (e.g., 50 ppm or less), can cause significant deleterious effects on IQE. In some embodiments, the emissive ceramic element includes a garnet host material and an amount of Ce dopant. The emissive ceramic element may, in some embodiments, have an amount of Na in the composition less than about 67 ppm, an amount of Mg in the composition less than about 23 ppm, or an amount of Fe in the composition less than about 21 ppm.
1. An emissive composition comprising:
a garnet host material; and
an amount of Ce dopant effective to produce luminescence when the emissive composition is exposed to an ultraviolet or blue radiation,
wherein an amount of Zr in the composition is less than about 1600 ppm, and an amount of Ti in the composition is less than about 28 ppm.
2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an amount of Na in the composition is less than about 67 ppm, an amount of Mg in the composition is less than about 23 ppm, or an amount of Fe in the composition is less than about 21 ppm.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein an amount of B in the composition is less than about 9 ppm.
4. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of P in the composition is less than about 113 ppm.
5. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of K in the composition is less than about 54 ppm.
6. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Cr in the composition is less than about 2.7 ppm.
7. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Cu in the composition is less than about 1.5 ppm.
8. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Sb in the composition is less than about 18 ppm.
9. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Ba in the composition is less than about 74 ppm.
10. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of La in the composition is less than about 17 ppm.
11. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Sm in the composition is less than about 1.2 ppm.
12. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Dy in the composition is less than about 6.9 ppm.
13. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Ho in the composition is less than about 7.0 ppm.
14. The composition of claim 1 , an amount of Pt in the composition is less than about 2.0 ppm.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the garnet host material is represented by the formula: A 3 B 1 2 B 2 3 X 12 , wherein:
A is selected from the group consisting of Li, K, Ag, Tl, Ca, Sr, Mn, Co, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, In, Bi, and Zr;
B 1 is selected from Li, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sc, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Ti, V, Cr, Rh, Al, Ga, In, Zr, Ru, Sn, Nb, Ta, Sb, and Te;
B 2 is selected from the group consisting of Li, Co, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, Ti, Si, Ge, Sn, V, Nb, and As; and
X is selected from the group consisting of O and F.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the garnet host material is selected from the group consisting of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 , (Y 1−x , Gd x ) 3 (Al 1−y , Ga y ) 5 O 12 , Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 , Tb 3 Al 5 O 12 and Ca 3 Sc 2 Si 3 O 12 , wherein x is in the range from about 0.00 to about 0.50 and y is in the range from about 0.00 to about 0.50.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the garnet host material is Y 3 Al 5 O 12 .
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises at least about 40 ppm of Ca or at least about 20 ppm of Mo.
19. A method comprising exposing the composition of claim 1 to a blue or ultraviolet radiation.
20. A lighting apparatus comprising:
a light source configured to emit blue or ultraviolet radiation; and
the composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is configured to receive at a least a portion of the blue or ultraviolet radiation.
21. A method of making a emissive ceramic element comprising sintering a composition comprising a garnet host material, or stoichiometric precursors thereof, and Ce-dopant or a precursor thereof,
wherein an amount of Zr in the composition is less than about 1600 ppm, and an amount of Ti in the composition is less than about 28 ppm.