TAXONOMIC MALWARE DETECTION AND MITIGATION
In an example, a classification engine compares two binary objects to determine whether they can be classified as belonging to a common family. As an example application, the classification engine may be used to detect malware objects derived from a common ancestor. To classify the object, the binary is disassembled and the resulting assembly code is normalized. Known “clean” functions, such as compiler-generated library code, are filtered out. Normalized blocks of assembly code may then be characterized, such as by forming N-grams, and checksumming each N-gram. These may be compared to known malware routines.
1 . A computing apparatus comprising:
a processor; and
one or more logic elements comprising a classification engine operable for:
disassembling an object under analysis;
creating an assembly language listing of the object under analysis;
comparing the assembly language listing to a known object, the known object belonging to a family in an object taxonomy; and
classifying the object under analysis as belonging to the family in the object taxonomy.
2 . The computing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for filtering known clean functions from the assembly language listing.
3 . The computing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for:
identifying at least one blacklisted function in the assembly language listing; and
designating the object under analysis as a blacklisted object.
4 . The computing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for creating a call trace of the assembly language listing.
5 . The computing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for normalizing instructions of the assembly language listing.
6 . The computing apparatus of claim 5 , wherein normalizing the assembly language listing comprises:
retaining operation codes or mnemonics; and
classifying operands.
7 . The computing apparatus of claim 6 , wherein classifying operands comprises classifying at least some operands as one of register, memory address, and constant.
8 . The computing apparatus of claim 5 , wherein instructions for the assembly language include semantics for at least some instructions, and wherein normalizing the assembly language listing comprises discarding operands for the at least some instructions including semantics.
9 . The computing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for performing N-gram analysis on the assembly language listing.
10 . The computing apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for generating a hash of each N-gram of the N-gram analysis.
11 . The computing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for performing a similarity analysis for the object under analysis and the known object.
12 . The computing apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the similarity analysis comprises computing a Jaccard index.
13 . The computing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the known object is a malware object.
14 . One or more computer-readable mediums having stored thereon executable instructions for instructing a processor for providing a classification engine operable for:
disassembling an object under analysis;
creating an assembly language listing of the object under analysis;
comparing the assembly language listing to a known object, the known object belonging to a family in an object taxonomy; and
classifying the object under analysis as belonging to the family in the object taxonomy.
15 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 14 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for filtering known clean functions from the assembly language listing.
16 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 14 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for:
identifying at least one blacklisted function in the assembly language listing; and
designating the object under analysis as a blacklisted object.
17 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 14 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for creating a call trace of the object under analysis.
18 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 14 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for normalizing instructions of the assembly language listing.
19 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 18 , wherein normalizing the assembly language listing comprises:
retaining operation codes or mnemonics; and
classifying at least some operands as one of register, memory address, and constant.
20 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 18 , wherein instructions for the assembly language include semantics for at least some instructions, and wherein normalizing the assembly language listing comprises discarding operands for the at least some instructions including semantics.
21 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 14 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for performing N-gram analysis on the assembly language listing and generating a hash of each N-gram of the N-gram analysis.
22 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 14 , wherein the classification engine is further operable for performing a similarity analysis for the object under analysis and the known object, wherein the similarity analysis comprises computing a Jaccard index.
23 . The one or more computer-readable mediums of claim 14 , wherein the known object is a malware object.
24 . A computer-implemented method of providing a classification engine, comprising:
disassembling an object under analysis;
creating a call trace of the object under analysis;
comparing the call trace to a known object, the known object belonging to a family in an object taxonomy; and
generating a multigraph of the object under analysis.
25 . The computer-implemented method of claim 24 , further comprising:
determining that the object under analysis does not match expectations according to the multigraph; and
designating the object under analysis as not belonging to the family in the object taxonomy.