Composite, carbon composite including the composite, electrode, lithium battery, electroluminescent device, biosensor, semiconductor device, and thermoelectric device including the composite and/or the carbon composite

1. A composite comprising:

silicon (Si);

a silicon oxide of the formula SiOx disposed on the silicon, wherein 0<x<2; and

a graphene disposed on the silicon oxide,

wherein a distance between the silicon oxide and the graphene is about 1 nanometer or less.

2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the silicon is a silicon nanowire having a diameter of about 10 nm to about 300 nm.

3. The composite of claim 2 , wherein the silicon oxide has a thickness of about 300 μm or less.

4. The composite of claim 3 , wherein the graphene is present in an amount of about 0.001 part to about 90 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the composite.

5. The composite of claim 4 , wherein the silicon nanowire has an aspect ratio of about 2 to about 1,000,000.

6. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the silicon is a silicon nanoparticle having an aspect ratio of about 1 to 2.

7. The composite of claim 1 , further comprising a silicon carbide on the silicon oxide.

8. The composite of claim 7 , wherein the silicon carbide is disposed between the graphene and the silicon oxide and the graphene.

9. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the graphene is in a form of a nanosheet or a film.

10. The composite of claim 1 , wherein a content of the graphene is from about 0.001 part to about 90 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the composite.

11. The composite of claim 1 ,

wherein the graphene comprises one to 20 graphene layers,

wherein a total thickness of the graphene is from about 0.6 nanometers to about 12 nanometers, and

wherein the graphene is oriented parallel to a surface of the silicon.

12. The composite of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the silicon oxide is about 300 μm or less.

13. The composite of claim 1 , further comprising a metal oxide disposed on the silicon.

14. The composite of claim 13 , wherein the metal oxide is at least one selected from a magnesium oxide, a manganese oxide, an aluminum oxide, a titanium oxide, a zirconium oxide, a tantalum oxide, a tin oxide, and a hafnium oxide.

15. The composite of claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter of the silicon is from about 40 nanometers to about 40 micrometers.

16. The composite of claim 1 ,

wherein the graphene is in a form of a graphene nanosheet or a film,

wherein the silicon is in a form of a silicon nanowire,

wherein silicon oxide is disposed on an entire surface of the silicon nanowire, and

wherein the graphene is disposed on the silicon oxide.

17. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the silicon of the silicon oxide and the graphene is about 0.5 nanometer to about 1 nanometer.

18. A carbon composite comprising the composite of claim 1 and a carbonaceous material.

19. An electrode comprising the composite of claim 1 .

20. An electrode comprising the carbon composite of claim 18 .

21. The electrode of claim 20 , wherein the carbonaceous material is selected from graphene, graphite, and carbon nanotubes.

22. A lithium battery comprising the electrode of claim 21 .

23. A device comprising the composite of claim 1 .

24. The device of claim 23 , wherein the device is one of an electroluminescent device, a bio sensor, a semiconductor device and a thermoelectric device.

25. A composite comprising:

silicon (Si), wherein the silicon is a silicon nanowire having a diameter of about 10 nm to about 300 nm;

a silicon oxide of the formula SiOx disposed on the silicon, wherein 0<x<2; and

a graphene disposed on the silicon oxide wherein a distance between the silicon oxide and the graphene is about 1 nanometer or less.

26. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the silicon oxide is in a range of about 0.1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers.