Organic electronic device and electric field-induced carrier generation layer
An electric field-induced carrier generation layer including a p-type material and an n-type material is provided. The p-type material and the n-type material are alternately distributed in at least one direction different from a thickness direction of the electric field-induced carrier generation layer. An organic electronic device is also provided.
1. An organic electronic device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode;
a plurality of organic light-emitting units disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
an electric field-induced carrier generation layer disposed between two adjacent organic light-emitting units and comprising a p-type material and an n-type material alternately distributed in at least one direction different from a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode and different from a direction from the second electrode to the first electrode, wherein a weight ratio of the at least one part of the p-type material to the at least one part of the n-type material ranges from 0.05 to 99.
2. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of p-n junctions are arranged along the at least one direction in which the p-type material and the n-type material are alternately distributed.
3. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one part of the p-type material and at least one part of the n-type material are mixed randomly in three-dimensional directions.
4. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one part of the p-type material and at least one part of the n-type material are mixed in three-dimensional directions, and a proportion of the at least one part of the p-type material to the at least one part of the n-type material gradually increases along a direction from the first electrode to the second electrode.
5. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the electric field-induced carrier generation layer comprises:
an n-type material layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising a part of the n-type material;
a p-type material layer disposed between the n-type material layer and the second electrode and comprising a part of the p-type material; and
a p-type and n-type hybrid layer comprising another part of the n-type material and another part of the p-type material alternately arranged along at least one direction perpendicular to the direction from the first electrode to the second electrode.
6. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the electric field-induced carrier generation layer comprises:
an n-type material layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising a part of the n-type material;
a p-type material layer disposed between the n-type material layer and the second electrode and comprising a part of the p-type material; and
a p-type and n-type hybrid layer comprising another part of the n-type material and another part of the p-type material randomly distributed in three-dimensional space.
7. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein each of the organic light-emitting units comprises a plurality of organic semiconductor layers.
8. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the p-type material comprises a hole transport material mixed with an electron accepting material, and the n-type material comprises an electron transport material mixed with an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, or a combination thereof.
9. The organic electronic device according to claim 8 , wherein the electron accepting material comprises HATCN, MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , WO 3 , or a combination thereof.
10. The organic electronic device according to claim 8 , wherein the electron transport material is mixed with Be, Mg, Ca, Li, LiF, 8-hydroxy-quinolinato lithium, Cs 2 CO 3 , or a combination thereof.
11. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the p-type material is an electron accepting material, and the n-type material is an electron donor material.
12. The organic electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the electric field-induced carrier generation layer does substantially not absorb light emitted from the organic light-emitting units to generate charge carriers, but the electric field-induced carrier generation layer generates charge carriers due to a voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode.
13. An electric field-induced carrier generation layer comprising:
a p-type material; and
an n-type material, the p-type material and the n-type material alternately distributed in at least one direction different from a thickness direction of the electric field-induced carrier generation layer, wherein a weight ratio of the at least one part of the p-type material to the at least one part of the n-type material ranges from 0.05 to 99.
14. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 , wherein a plurality of p-n junctions are arranged along the at least one direction in which the p-type material and the n-type material are alternately distributed.
15. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 , wherein at least one part of the p-type material and at least one part of the n-type material are mixed randomly in three-dimensional directions.
16. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 , wherein at least one part of the p-type material and at least one part of the n-type material are mixed in three-dimensional directions, and a proportion of the at least one part of the p-type material to the at least one part of the n-type material gradually increases along the thickness direction.
17. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 comprising:
an n-type material layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising a part of the n-type material;
a p-type material layer disposed between the n-type material layer and the second electrode and comprising a part of the p-type material; and
a p-type and n-type hybrid layer comprising another part of the n-type material and another part of the p-type material alternately arranged along at least one direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.
18. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 , wherein the electric field-induced carrier generation layer comprises:
an n-type material layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising a part of the n-type material;
a p-type material layer disposed between the n-type material layer and the second electrode and comprising a part of the p-type material; and
a p-type and n-type hybrid layer comprising another part of the n-type material and another part of the p-type material randomly distributed in three-dimensional space.
19. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 , wherein the p-type material comprises a hole transport material mixed with an electron accepting material, and the n-type material comprises an electron transport material mixed with an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, or a combination thereof.
20. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 19 , wherein the electron accepting material comprises HATCN, MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , WO 3 , or a combination thereof.
21. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 19 , wherein the electron transport material is mixed with Be, Mg, Ca, Li, LiF, 8-hydroxy-quinolinato lithium, Cs 2 CO 3 , or a combination thereof.
22. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 , wherein the p-type material is an electron accepting material, and the n-type material is an electron donor material.
23. The electric field-induced carrier generation layer according to claim 13 , wherein the electric field-induced carrier generation layer does substantially not absorb visible light to generate charge carriers, but the electric field-induced carrier generation layer generates charge carriers due to a voltage difference between two opposite surfaces of the electric field-induced carrier generation layer.