Photon-counting detector with count-rate dependent multiplexing
View Patent ↗A photon-counting system includes photon-counting detectors that output photon-counting signals to indicate a number of photons impinging on the photon-counting detectors. The system also includes analog-to-digital conversion circuits, which convert one of the photon-counting signals into a digital photon-counting signals, and a processor that processes the digital photon-counting signals to extract information from the photon-counting signals. The information extracted can include a photon-counting rate. An intelligent multiplexer that, based on the photon-counting rate, modifies interconnection of the photon-counting detectors and analog-to-digital conversion circuits and provides digital photon-counting signals for a selected set of the analog-to-digital converters to the processor.
1. A photon-counting apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of first photon-counting detectors configured to output photon-counting signals indicative of a number of photons impinging on the first photon-counting detectors;
a plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits, each configured to convert a respective one of the photon-counting signals into a digital photon-counting signal;
a processor configured to process the digital photon-counting signals to extract information from the digital photon-counting signals, the information including a photon-counting rate; and
an intelligent multiplexer including a first portion configured to form connections from outputs of the first plurality of photon-counting detectors to inputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits and a second portion configured to form connections from outputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits to inputs of the processor, the intelligent multiplexer being configured to, based on the photon-counting rate, modify the connections from the outputs of the first plurality of photon-counting detectors to the inputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits and to provide digital photon-counting signals for a set of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters to the processor based on the connections from the outputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits to the inputs of the processor,
wherein the intelligent multiplexer changes a number of the analog-to-digital conversion circuits connected to one first photon-counting detector of the plurality of photon-counting detectors based on the photon-counting rate.
2. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the photon-counting apparatus is integrated into a computer-aided tomography (CT) system to capture data from the first photon-counting detectors.
3. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:
an X-ray tube; and
a reconstruction circuit configured to reconstruct CT images based on the digital photon-counting signals generated by the intelligent multiplexer.
4. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the X-ray tube rotates around a patient table, and the first photon-counting detectors are located at fixed positions around the patient table.
5. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the photon-counting rate is a number of photons impinging on the first photon-counting detectors during a predetermined time interval.
6. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the intelligent multiplexer interleaves digital photon-counting signals of a subset of analog-to-digital conversion circuits when the photon-counting rate exceeds a first predetermined threshold.
7. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the intelligent multiplexer interleaves digital photon-counting signals from two analog-to-digital conversion circuits when the photon-counting rate exceeds the first predetermined threshold.
8. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the intelligent multiplexer interleaves digital photon-counting signals from three analog-to-digital conversions circuits when the photon-counting rate exceeds a second predetermined threshold that is higher than the first predetermined threshold.
9. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the intelligent multiplexer interleaves digital photon-counting signals from four analog-to-digital conversion circuits when the photon-counting rate exceeds a third predetermined threshold that is higher than the second predetermined threshold.
10. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the analog-to-digital conversion circuits switch to an energy integration mode when the photon-counting rate exceeds a fourth predetermined threshold that is higher than the third predetermined threshold.
11. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
an energy integrating detector configured to integrate signals from second photon-counting detectors adjacent to the plurality of first photon-counting detectors in order to determine the photon-counting rate.
12. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
second photon-counting detectors distributed among the plurality of first photon-counting detectors and configured to provide an indication of the photon-counting rate.
13. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a preamplifier circuit configured to condition the photon-counting signals from the plurality of first photon-counting detectors.
14. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein during an auto-adjust phase during which the preamplifier circuit is adjusted, the processor uses initial waveforms of the digital photon-counting signals to determine the photon-counting rate.
15. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein during the auto-adjust phase, the processor uses a difference between levels of the digital photon-counting signals and a predetermined baseline level to determine the photon-counting rate.
16. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the intelligent multiplexer is implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
17. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 10 , further comprising:
an electronic memory circuit configured to store a look-up table associating different interconnection patterns between the plurality of first photon-counting detectors and the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits with the first, second, third and fourth predetermined thresholds, the look-up table further associating different interleaving patterns of the digital photon-counting signals from the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits with the first, second, third and fourth predetermined thresholds.
18. The photon-counting apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein in the energy integration mode, each analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts a photon-counting signal to a digital photon-counting signal using oversampling and decimation.
19. A method for a photon-counting apparatus, comprising:
generating a plurality of photon-counting signals based on impingement of photons on a plurality of photon-counting detectors;
converting at least a subset of the plurality of photon-counting signals to digital photon-counting signals in a plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits;
determining a photon-count rate in a processor; and
causing an intelligent multiplexer, including a first portion configured to form connections from outputs of the first plurality of photon-counting detectors to inputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits and a second portion configured to form connections from outputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits to inputs of the processor, to modify the connections from the outputs of the plurality of photon-counting detectors and the inputs the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits based on the photon-count rate, the intelligent multiplexer providing a set of digital photon-counting signals to the processor based on the connections from the outputs of the analog-to-digital conversion circuits to the inputs of the processor,
wherein a number of analog-to-digital conversion circuits connected to one first photon-counting detector of the plurality of photon-counting detectors is changed based on the photon-counting rate.
20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with computer-readable instructions thereon that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
generating a plurality of photon-counting signals based on impingement of photons on a plurality of photon-counting detectors;
converting at least a subset of the plurality of photon-counting signals to digital photon-counting signals in a plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits;
determining a photon-count rate in a processor; and
causing an intelligent multiplexer, including a first portion configured to form connections from outputs of the first plurality of photon-counting detectors to inputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits and a second portion configured to form connections from outputs of the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits to inputs of the processor, to modify the connections from the outputs of the plurality of photon-counting detectors to the plurality of analog-to-digital conversion circuits based on the photon-count rate, the intelligent multiplexer providing a set of digital photon-counting signals to the processor based on the connections from the outputs of the analog-to-digital conversion circuits to the inputs of the processor,
wherein a number of analog-to-digital conversion circuits connected to one first photon-counting detector of the plurality of photon-counting detectors is changed based on the photon-counting rate.