Composition for solar cell electrodes, electrode fabricated using the same, and solar cell having the electrode
A composition for solar cell electrodes, an electrode fabricated using the same, and a solar cell including the electrode, the composition including a conductive powder; a glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the conductive powder includes silver powder and aluminum powder, the silver powder includes silver particles having an average particle size D50 of 1.5 μm or more in an amount of 50 wt % or more, based on a total weight of the silver powder.
1. A composition for solar cell electrodes, the composition comprising:
a conductive powder;
a glass frit, the glass frit being a boron oxide-bismuth oxide glass frit or a lead oxide-boron oxide-bismuth oxide glass frit in which the boron oxide is present in the glass frit in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %, based on a total weight of the glass frit; and
an organic vehicle,
wherein:
the conductive powder includes silver powder and aluminum powder,
the silver powder includes at least two groups of silver particles having different average particle sizes,
the silver powder includes particles having an average particle size D50 of about 1.5 μm or more in an amount of 50 wt % to 80 wt %, based on a total weight of the silver powder, and
the silver powder has an average particle size D50 of about 1.5 μm or more, as calculated by Equation 1:
D 50={( X 1 *Y 1)+( X 2* Y 2)+ . . . +( Xn*Yn )}/{ X 1+ X 2 + . . . +Xn},
wherein, in Equation 1,
X1 is an amount of a first silver particle group in wt %,
X2 is an amount of a second silver particle group in wt %,
Xn is an amount of an n th silver particle group in wt %,
Y1 is an average particle size D50 of the first silver particle group,
Y2 is an average particle size D50 of the second silver particle group, and
Yn is an average particle size D50 of the n th silver particle group.
2. The composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the silver powder includes silver particles having an average particle size D90 of about 2.4 μm or more in an amount of about 10 wt % or more, based on the total weight of the silver powder, the average particle size D90 being calculated by Equation 2:
D 90={( X 1* Z 1)+( X 2 *Z 2)+ . . . +( Xn*Zn )}/{ X 1 +X 2 + . . . +Xn} (2),
wherein, in Equation 2,
X1 is the amount of the first silver particle group in wt %,
X2 is the amount of the second silver particle group in wt %,
Xn is the amount of the n th silver particle group in wt %,
Z1 is an average particle size D90 of the first silver particle group,
Z2 is an average particle size D90 of the second silver particle group, and
Zn is an average particle size D90 of the n th silver particle group.
3. The composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive powder includes the aluminum powder and the silver powder in a weight ratio of the aluminum powder to the silver powder of about 1:30 to about 1:45.
4. The composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glass frit further includes one or more of tellurium oxide, lithium oxide, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, strontium oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, vanadium oxide, barium oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, antimony oxide, germanium oxide, gallium oxide, calcium oxide, arsenic oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, or tungsten oxide.
5. The composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition includes:
about 60 wt % to about 95 wt % of the conductive powder;
about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the glass fit; and
about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of the organic vehicle, all based on a total weight of the composition.
6. The composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glass fit is present in the composition in an amount of about 0.5 wt % to about 3.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.
7. The composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glass frit has an average particle size D50 of about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm.
8. The composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising one or more of a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a plasticizer, a viscosity stabilizer, an anti-foaming agent, a pigment, a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant, or a coupling agent.
9. A solar cell electrode prepared from the composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 .
10. A solar cell, comprising:
a wafer, the wafer including:
a p-type substrate, and
an n-type emitter on one side of the p-type substrate;
a front electrode on the n-type emitter; and
a rear electrode on another side of the p-type substrate,
wherein the front electrode is formed from the composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 .
11. A solar cell, comprising:
a wafer, the wafer including:
an n-type substrate, and
a p-type emitter on one side of the n-type substrate;
a front electrode on the p-type emitter; and
a rear electrode on another side of the n-type substrate,
wherein at least one of the front electrode and the rear electrode is formed from the composition for solar cell electrodes as claimed in claim 1 .