Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery
View Patent ↗The present disclose is directed to a method for controlling iodine levels in wet scrubbers, and, in particular, recirculating wet scrubbers by removing the iodine from the scrubbing solution, such as by using ion exchange, absorption, adsorption, precipitation, filtration, solvent extraction, ion pair extraction, and an aqueous two-phase extraction.
1. A system, comprising:
an input to receive a waste gas comprising an acid gas and at least one of elemental iodine and an iodine-containing composition;
a wet scrubber to treat the waste gas to remove at least a portion of the acid gas and the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition from the waste gas and form a scrubbing solution comprising at least one of an acid derived from the acid gas and a derivative thereof and at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition; and
a carbonaceous material to remove, from the scrubbing solution, at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition, thereby reducing a concentration of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition in the scrubbing solution.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the waste gas comprises elemental mercury and further comprising:
an iodine-containing additive in contact with the waste gas upstream of the wet scrubber to oxidize the elemental mercury in the waste gas to a non-elemental mercury, wherein the at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition is removed from the scrubbing solution by the carbonaceous material, wherein the at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition is sorbed by the carbonaceous material, wherein the carbonaceous material comprising the sorbed iodine-containing composition is removed from the scrubbing solution, and wherein the recovered carbonaceous material forms at least a part of the iodine-containing additive.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition is removed from the scrubbing solution by the carbonaceous material, wherein the waste gas comprises elemental mercury, wherein an iodine-containing additive is contacted with a mercury-containing feed material, wherein the waste gas is derived from the mercury-containing feed material, wherein the carbonaceous material collects iodine from the scrubbing solution, wherein the iodine-containing carbonaceous material is recovered from the scrubbing solution, and wherein the recovered iodine-containing carbonaceous material is recycled to the waste gas as the iodine-containing additive.
4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of an ion exchange, absorption, adsorption, precipitation, filtration, solvent extraction, ion pair extraction, and aqueous two-phase extraction unit to remove the at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition from the scrubbing solution.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein, after the removal of the at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition from the scrubbing solution, the scrubbing solution is returned to the wet scrubber, wherein the wet scrubber is a flue-gas desulfurization scrubber, and wherein a flow of the scrubbing solution through the carbonaceous material is controlled at a rate to maintain an overall iodine concentration in the scrubber solution of at less than about 100 ppm.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein, after removal of the at least a portion of the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition from the scrubbing solution, the scrubbing solution is returned to the wet scrubber, wherein the wet scrubber is a flue-gas desulfurization scrubber, and wherein a flow of an input scrubbing solution through a first bed of the carbonaceous material is stopped when a concentration of the at least one of the iodine and iodine-containing composition in an output scrubbing solution is at least at a predetermined threshold and/or a difference between concentrations of the at least one of the iodine and iodine-containing composition in the input and output scrubbing solutions is at the at least predetermined threshold.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein a microprocessor stops automatically the flow through the first bed and initiates automatically a flow of the scrubbing solution through a second bed of the carbonaceous material in response to an absolute value of the concentration of the at least one of the iodine and iodine-containing composition in the output scrubbing solution reaching the at least predetermined threshold.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the removing step comprises contacting at least a portion of the scrubbing solution with a carbonaceous material to collect onto the carbonaceous material the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition, wherein, after contacting, the scrubbing solution is in the form of a slurry, wherein the carbonaceous material is separated from the scrubbing solution, and wherein at least one of the following is true: (i) the carbonaceous material is introduced into the waste gas at an inlet to the wet scrubber and (ii) the carbonaceous material is introduced into a reservoir of the scrubbing solution in the wet scrubber.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material contacts at least a portion of the scrubbing solution and collects, onto the carbonaceous material, the at least one of the elemental iodine and iodine-containing composition and wherein the scrubbing solution is contacted with an oxidizing agent and/or pH-adjusted to convert elemental mercury in the scrubbing solution and/or on the carbonaceous material to a more water soluble form of mercury and convert iodide to elemental iodine for collection by the carbonaceous material.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the waste gas comprises elemental mercury, wherein, upstream of the wet scrubber, the elemental mercury is oxidized to speciated mercury by one or more of the following operations:
contact of the waste gas with at least one of a halogen and a halogen-containing composition;
(ii) contact of the waste gas with a selective catalytic reduction catalyst; and
(iii) contact of the waste gas with a carbonaceous material in a baghouse.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein operation (iii) is performed and wherein the carbonaceous material is introduced into the waste gas at or near an inlet of the baghouse.
12. A system, comprising:
a thermal unit to combust a mercury-containing feed material and produce a mercury-containing gas stream, wherein the mercury-containing feed material comprises a halogen and the mercury-containing gas stream comprises the halogen, an acid gas, and particulates;
a particulate removal device to remove most of the particulates from the mercury-containing gas stream and form a treated gas stream;
a wet scrubber to contact the treated gas stream with a scrubber solution and remove the acid gas from the treated gas stream and in a scrubber slurry, the scrubber slurry comprising the halogen; and
a regeneration facility comprising a carbonaceous material to remove the halogen from at least part of the scrubber slurry and form a halogen-containing carbonaceous material for recycle to the thermal unit.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the halogen is iodine and/or bromine, and wherein the at least part of the scrubber slurry is contacted with a bed of the carbonaceous material.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the at least part of the scrubber slurry, before halogen removal, is contacted with an oxidizing agent and/or pH adjusted to convert at least most of the halogen to an elemental form of the halogen for collection by the carbonaceous material.
15. The system of claim 12 , wherein the regeneration facility comprises an input conduit for the at least part of the scrubber slurry, an input sensor to sense a concentration of the halogen in the at least part of the scrubber slurry, an input manifold comprising plural controllable input valves to selectively pass the at least part of the scrubber slurry through a selected bed of carbonaceous material, an output conduit to carry a treated scrubbing solution to the wet scrubber, an output sensor to sense a halogen concentration in the treated scrubbing solution, and a controller: to sense an input iodine and/or iodide concentration in the at least part of the scrubber slurry and output iodine and/or iodide concentration in the treated scrubbing solution; to compare the input and output concentrations, when the output concentration and/or the difference between the input and output concentrations is at least a specified threshold; to determine that a currently selected bed of carbonaceous material requires regeneration or replacement, and in response; close the input valve to a vessel containing the bed; and to open the input and output valves to a vessel containing a next selected bed.