Fusion of data from multiple sources for non-invasive detection of respiratory parameters
Provided herein are methods and systems for validating and interpreting respiratory signals in order to provide comprehensive non-invasive methods to monitor patients at risk for respiratory depression and apnea. In the present invention, data from multiple respiratory monitoring technologies (or from multiple channels of one monitoring technology) is fused so that the patient's true respiratory state may be elucidated.
1. A method of determining the respiratory status of an individual, comprising
securing to a central source site of the individual a device comprising a PPG sensor, and a secondary respiration sensor comprising a nasal air flow, nasal air pressure or exhaled CO 2 sensor, wherein the device is in communication with a signal processor;
monitoring changes in an amplitude of a PPG waveform from the PPG sensor via the signal processor, wherein the signal processor assigns an amplitude range centered around a zero crossing point to the PPG signal, and determines that a respiratory effort occurred within a time period when the amplitude of the PPG waveform crosses the PPG amplitude range twice in the time period;
monitoring changes in an amplitude of a waveform from the secondary respiration sensor via the signal processor, wherein the signal processor assigns an amplitude range centered around a zero crossing point to the secondary respiration sensor signal and determines that a ventilation occurred within the time period when the amplitude of the secondary respiration sensor waveform crosses the secondary respiration sensor amplitude range twice in the time period;
and if the signal processor determines that the respiratory effort and the ventilation occurred within the time period, the signal processor determines that a breath occurred in the time period and uses the breath to calculate a respiratory rate of the individual, and if the signal processor determines that a respiratory effort, a ventilation, or both, do not occur in the time period, then no breath from that time period is used to calculate the respiratory rate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary respiration sensor is a thermistor.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary respiration sensor is a capnometer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the PPG amplitude range and the secondary respiration sensor amplitude range is a fixed amplitude range.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the PPG amplitude range and the secondary respiration sensor amplitude range fluctuates over time.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the PPG amplitude range and the secondary respiration sensor amplitude range is a percentage of the total signal amplitude.