Metastable vanadium oxide cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium battery
A magnesium electrochemical cell having a positive electrode containing as an active ingredient, a material of formula [V 2 O 5 ] c [M a O b ] d and/or a material of formula [V 2 O 5 ] c [M a O b ] d [MgX e ] g in a metastable structural and morphological phase is provided. In the formulas M is an element selected from the group consisting of P, B, Si, Ge and Mo; and X is O or a halide.
1. A cathode for a magnesium battery comprising:
a current collector; and
an active material of formula (I):
[V 2 O 5 ] c [M a O b ] d (I)
wherein
M is an element selected from the group consisting of P, B, Si, Ge and Mo,
a is an integer of from 1 to 2,
b is an integer of from 1 to 5,
c is from 35 to 80 mol %,
d is from 20 to 65 mol %, and
the active material of formula (I) is a metastable structural and morphological phase between an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase.
2. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the V 2 O 5 is from 50 to 80 mol %.
3. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the V 2 O 5 is from 70 to 80 mol %.
4. The cathode according to claim 1 , rein a content of the V 2 O 5 is 75 mol %.
5. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein M a O b is at least one material selected from the group consisting of P 2 O 5 , B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , GeO 2 and MoO 3 .
6. The cathode according to claim 1 , wherein M a O b is P 2 O 5 .
7. A magnesium battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte;
wherein the cathode comprises:
an active material of formula (I):
[V 2 O 5 ] c [M a O b ] d (I)
wherein
M is an element selected from the group consisting of P, B, Si, Ge and Mo,
a is an integer of from 1 to 2,
b is an integer of from 1 to 5,
c is from 35 to 80 mol %,
d is from 20 to 65 mol %, and
the active material of formula (I) is a metastable structural and morphological phase between an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase.
8. The magnesium battery according to claim 7 , wherein a content of the V 2 O 5 in the compound of formula (I) is from 50 to 80 mol %.
9. The magnesium battery according to claim 7 , wherein a content of the V 2 O 5 in the compound of formula (I) is from 70 to 80 mol %.
10. The magnesium battery according to claim 7 , wherein M a O b content of the V 2 O 5 in the compound of formula (I) is 75 mol %.
11. The magnesium battery according to claim 7 , wherein M a O b is at least one material selected from the group consisting of P 2 O 5 , B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , GeO 2 and MoO 3 .
12. The magnesium battery according to claim 7 , wherein M a O b is P 2 O 5 .
13. A cathode for a magnesium battery comprising:
a current collector; and
an active material of formula (II):
[V 2 O 5 ] c [M a O b ] d [MgX e ] g (II)
wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of P, B, Si, Ge and Mo, X is O, F, Cl, Br, or I, a is an integer of from 1 to 2, b is an integer of from 1 to 5, c is from 35 to 80 mol %, g is from greater than 0 to 25 mol %, e is 1 when X is O, e is 2 when X is F, Cl, Br, or I, and the sum of c, d and g is substantially 100%, and the active material of formula (II) is a metastable structural and morphological phase between an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase.
14. The cathode according to claim 13 , wherein a content of the V 2 O 5 is from 50 to 80 mol %.
15. The cathode according to claim 13 , wherein M a O b is at least one material selected from the group consisting of P 2 O 5 , B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , GeO 2 and MoO 3 .
16. The cathode according to claim 13 , wherein M a O b is P 2 O 5 .
17. A magnesium battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte;
wherein the cathode comprises:
an active material of formula (II):
[V 2 O 5 ] c [M a O b ] d [MgX e ] g (II)
wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of P, B, Si, Ge and Mo, X is O, F, CI, Br, or I, a is an integer of from 1 to 2, b is an integer of from 1 to 5, c is from 35 to 80 mol %, g is from greater than 0 to 25 mol %, e is 1 when X is O, e is 2 When X is F, Cl, Br, or I, and the sum of c, d and g is substantially 100% and the active material of formula (II) is a metastable structural and morphological phase between an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase.
18. The magnesium battery according to claim 17 , wherein a content of the V 2 O 5 in the compound of formula (II) is from 50 to 80 mol %.
19. The magnesium battery according to claim 17 , wherein a content of the V 2 O 5 in the compound of formula (II) is from 70 to 80 mol %.
20. The magnesium battery according to claim 17 , wherein M a O b is at least one material selected from the group consisting of P 2 O 5 , B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , GeO 2 and MoO 3 .