Catalyst support materials, catalysts, methods of making them and uses thereof

1. A method of making a catalyst support material comprising:

a. providing an anatase titania slurry; and

b. combining the anatase titania slurry with i) low molecular weight form of silica and ii) a source of Mo to form a TiO 2 —MoO 3 —SiO 2 mixture, wherein

the low molecular weight form of silica comprises a member selected from a group consisting of forms of silica having a volume weighted median size of less than 4 nm and average molecular weight of less than 44,000, and combinations thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing the source of Mo or low molecular weight form of silica to the anatase titania slurry by ion exchange resin.

3. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing the low molecular weight form of silica and the source of Mo to the anatase titania slurry sequentially.

4. The method of claim 3 , comprising providing the low molecular weight form of silica to the anatase titania slurry before providing the source of Mo.

5. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing i) the low molecular weight form of silica; and ii) the source of Mo to the anatase titania slurry simultaneously.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low molecular weight form of silica comprises a member selected from a group consisting of sodium silicate solution, an alkaline, tetra methyl ammonium silicate, tetra alkyl ammonium silicate and combinations thereof.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low molecular weight form of silica has a volume weighted median size of less than 4 nm.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combining the TiO 2 —MoO 3 —SiO 2 mixture with V 2 O 5 to form a vanadia catalyst.

9. A catalyst support material comprising:

from about 86% to about 94% weight anatase titanium dioxide; from about 0.1% to about 10% weight MoO 3 ; and from about 0.1% to about 10% weight SiO 2 in a low molecular weight form;

wherein the low molecular weight form of SiO 2 comprises a member selected from a group consisting of forms of silica having a volume weighted median size of less than 4 nm and average molecular weight of less than 44,000, and combinations thereof.

10. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst support material comprises SiO 2 having a fractional monolayer value of less than 0.5 before the catalyst support material is calcined.

11. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst support material has a BET surface area of at least 50 m 2 /g before calcining.

12. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , wherein the low molecular weight form of SiO 2 comprises nanoparticles having a diameter of less than 4 nm or having a molecular weight of less than 44,000.

13. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , wherein the low molecular weight form of SiO 2 comprises greater than 50% of silicon atoms in the Q 3 , Q 2 , Q 1 and Q 0 coordination environments.

14. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , further comprising from about 0.1% to about 3% weight V 2 O 5 .

15. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst support material is substantially tungsten free.

16. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst support material further comprises tungsten.

17. The catalyst support material of claim 9 , comprising a mole ratio of molybdenum to vanadium in a range from about 0.5:1 to about 20:1.

18. A method of making a catalyst support material comprising:

a) providing anatase titania slurry; and

b) combining the anatase titania slurry with

i) volatility inhibitor comprising a low molecular weight form of silica; and ii) primary promoter comprising molybdenum oxide to form a TiO 2 —MoO 3 —SiO 2 mixture;

wherein the low molecular weight form of silica comprises a member selected from a group consisting of forms of silica having a volume weighted median size of less than 4 nm and average molecular weight of less than 44,000, and combinations thereof.

19. The method of claim 18 , comprising providing the primary promoter or the volatility inhibitor to the anatase titania slurry by ion exchange resin.

20. The method of claim 18 , comprising providing the volatility inhibitor and the primary promoter to the anatase titania slurry sequentially.

21. The method of claim 20 , comprising providing the volatility inhibitor to the anatase titania slurry before providing the primary promoter.

22. The method of claim 18 , comprising providing i) the volatility inhibitor and ii) the primary promoter to the anatase titania slurry simultaneously.

23. The method of claim 18 , wherein providing the volatility inhibitor comprises a member selected from a group consisting of sodium silicate solution, an alkaline, tetra methyl ammonium silicate, tetra alkyl ammonium silicate and combinations thereof.

24. The method of claim 18 , further comprising combining the TiO 2 —MoO 3 —SiO 2 mixture with V 2 O 5 to form a vanadia catalyst.

25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the vanadia catalyst comprises from about 0.1% to about 3% weight V 2 O 5 .

26. A method comprising:

contacting a nitrogen oxide-containing gas or liquid with a catalyst for a time sufficient to reduce the level of NO x in the nitrogen oxide-containing gas or liquid with a catalyst comprising:

from about 86% to about 94% weight anatase titanium dioxide; from about 0.1% to about 10% weight MoO 3 ; from about 0.5% to about 3% weight V 2 O 5 ; and from about 0.1% to about 10% weight SiO 2 in a low molecular weight form,

wherein the low molecular weight form of SiO 2 comprises a member selected from the group consisting of forms of silica having a volume weighted median size of less than 4 nm and average molecular weight of less than 44,000, and combinations thereof.