Homometallic cyanide-containing inorganic polymers and related compounds
View Patent ↗A composition, compound, device, and uses thereof according to A x Mn (y-k) M j k [Mn m (CN) (6-p) (NC) p ] z .(Vac) (1-z) .nH 2 O (wherein Vac is a Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p vacancy); wherein: A=Na, K, Li; and M=Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Pb; and wherein 0<j≦4; 0≦k≦0.1; 0≦p≦3; 0<x≦4; 0≦y≦1; 0<z≦1; 0<n≦6; and wherein: x+2(y−k)+jk+(m−6)z=0.
1. A material, comprising:
at least one composition represented by Formula I:
A x Mn (y-k) M k j [Mn m (CN) (6-p) (NC) p ] z .(Vac) (1-z) .n H 2 O Formula I
wherein, in Formula I, each A is an independently selected alkali metal Li, Na, or K; and each dopant M may optionally be at least one independently selected alkaline earth metal Mg or Ca, post-transition metal Al, Ga, In, Sn, or Pb, or transition metal Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, or Cd having an average valence j; and wherein 0<j≦4, 0≦k≦0.1, 0<p≦3, 0<x≦4, 0<y≦1, 0<z<1, and 0≦n≦6; wherein x+2(y−k)+jk+(m−6)z=0; and
wherein Formula I includes one or more Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p complexes each including an Mn atom, and wherein p is an average number of NC groups found in said one or more Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p complexes; and wherein m is an average valence of said Mn atoms found in said one or more Mn(CN) 6-p (NC) p complexes; and wherein (Vac) identifies a Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p vacancy, and wherein each particular Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p complex includes said Mn atom bonded to a plurality of cyanide groups and bonded to one or more isocyanide groups.
2. The material of claim 1 wherein said composition includes one or more crystal structures selected from the group consisting of a face-centered cubic structure, a monoclinic structure, a mixture of a face-centered cubic structure and a monoclinic structure, and combinations thereof.
3. The material of claim 1 wherein said one or more crystal structures preferably include grains having a size greater than 200 nm.
4. The material of claim 3 wherein said size is more preferably greater than 1 micron.
5. The material of claim 1 wherein z is greater than 0.8.
6. The material of claim 5 wherein z is more preferably greater than 0.9.
7. An electrode, comprising:
a current collector; and
a composite applied on said current collector, said composite including an electrochemically active material having a composition, a binder, and an electrically conductive material, wherein said composition comprises at least one composition represented by Formula I:
A x Mn (y-k) M k j [Mn m (CN) (6-p) (NC) p ] z .(Vac) (1-z) .n H 2 O Formula I
wherein, in Formula I, each A is an independently selected alkali metal Li, Na, or K; and each dopant M may optionally be at least one independently selected alkaline earth metal Mg or Ca, post-transition metal Al, Ga, In, Sn, or Pb or transition metal Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, or Cd having an average valence j; and wherein 0<j≦4, 0≦k≦0.1, 0<p≦3, 0<x≦4, 0<y≦1, 0<z<1, and 0≦n≦6; wherein x+2(y−k)+jk+(m−6)z=0; and wherein Formula I includes one or more Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p complexes each including an Mn atom, and wherein p is an average number of NC groups found in said one or more Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p complexes; and wherein m is an average valence of said Mn atoms found in said one or more Mn(CN) 6-p (NC) p complexes; and wherein (Vac) identifies a Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p vacancy, and wherein each particular Mn(CN) (6-p) (NC) p complex includes said Mn atom bonded to a plurality of cyanide groups and bonded to one or more isocyanide groups.
8. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said composite further includes an additive.
9. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said binder includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of vinylfluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, a mixture thereof, and styrene butadiene rubber-based polymer.
10. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said electrical conductive material includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of a graphitic carbon, an amorphous carbon, or a mixture thereof.