Capillary Action Heat Exchanger
A heat exchanger which including a metal exchange surface having a plurality of upward extending walls forming channels between the walls. The channels are between about 5 and about 500 um in width and the walls are between about 50 and about 1000 um in height. At least one reservoir communicates with the channels and a refrigerant is position in the reservoir, the refrigerant having a boiling point of at least about 50° C. A cover is positioned above the exchange surface such that refrigerant is returned to the exchange surface.
1 . A heat exchanger comprising:
a) a metal exchange surface having a plurality of upward extending walls forming channels between the walls;
b) the channels being between about 5 and about 500 um in width;
c) the walls being between about 50 and about 1000 um in height;
d) at least one reservoir communicating with the channels;
e) a refrigerant position in the reservoir, the refrigerant having a boiling point of at least about 50° C.;
f) a cover positioned above the exchange surface such that refrigerant is returned to the exchange surface.
2 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the metal forming the exchange surfaces comprises a thermal conductivity of at least about 50 W/mK.
3 . The heat exchanger of claim 2 , wherein the metal forming the exchange surfaces comprises a thermal conductivity of at least about 90 W/mK.
4 . The heat exchanger of claim 2 , wherein the metal comprises a thermal conductivity of less about 400 W/mK.
5 . The heat exchanger of claim 2 , wherein the metal is an elemental metal or an alloy of the group consisting of Ni, Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Si, Pt, and Sn.
6 . The heat exchanger of claim 4 , wherein the metal is an elemental metal or an alloy of the group consisting of Ni, Al, and Cu.
7 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the metal has a porosity of at least about 20%.
8 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the metal has a porosity of between about 40% and about 85%.
9 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the exchange surface has an effective power consumption of at least about 2.2 kW/m2.
10 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the metal has a thickness of at least about 50 um.
11 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the cover includes a series of internal channels onto which the refrigerant condenses, the channels being between about 5 and about 500 um in width, and the walls being between about 50 and about 1000 um in height.
12 . The heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein the channels are less than about 100 um in width, and the walls are at least about 100 um in height.
13 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the exchange surface is sufficiently porous to cause refrigerant transport by way of absorption and the channels are also sufficiently narrow to cause refrigerant transport by way of capillary action.
14 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant has a boiling point between about 50° C. and about 150° C.
15 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant acting on the metal of the exchange surface has a capillary rise height of 0.25 to 1 inches.
16 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the channels have a long axis and the exchange surface is positioned such that the long axis is oriented nonparallel with a gravitational direction of force.
17 . The heat exchanger of claim 16 , wherein the long axis of the channels are oriented substantially perpendicular to the gravitational direction of force.
18 . The heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the cover includes capillary channels which are vertically or inclined at angles from the exchange surface.
19 - 20 . (canceled)
21 . A method of constructing a heat exchanger comprising the steps of:
a) forming a metal exchange surface comprising (i) a plurality of upward extending walls forming channels between the walls, (ii) the channels having a width between about 5 and about 500 um, and (iii) the walls being between about 50 and about 1000 um in height;
b) operatively connecting to the exchange surface at least one reservoir communicating with the channels;
c) positioning a refrigerant in the reservoir, the refrigerant having a boiling point of at least about 50° C.; and;
d) positioning a cover over the exchange surface in a manner to form a refrigerant return path to the reservoir.
22 - 25 . (canceled)
26 . A method of constructing a heat exchanger comprising the steps of:
a) providing an exchange template comprising (i) a plurality of upward extending walls forming channels between the walls, (ii) the channels having a width between about 5 and about 500 um, and (iii) the walls being between about 50 and about 1000 um in height;
b) electrodepositing a metal onto the surface of the exchange template to form a metal exchange surface;
c) operatively connecting to the metal exchange surface at least one reservoir communicating with the channels;
d) positioning a refrigerant in the reservoir, the refrigerant having a boiling point of at least about 50° C.; and;
e) positioning a cover over the exchange surface in a manner to form a refrigerant return path to the reservoir.
27 - 31 . (canceled)