Administration of benzodiazepine compositions

1. A method of treating a patient with a disorder which is treatable with a benzodiazepine drug, comprising: administering to one or more nasal mucosal membranes of a patient a pharmaceutical solution for nasal administration consisting of a benzodiazepine drug, one or more natural or synthetic tocopherols or tocotrienols, or any combinations thereof, in an amount from about 30% to about 95% (w/w); ethanol and benzyl alcohol in a combined amount from about 10% to about 70% (w/w); and an alkyl glycoside.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the natural or synthetic tocopherols or tocotrienols is Vitamin E.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the benzodiazepine drug is selected from the group consisting of: alprazolam, brotizolam, chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, clorazepam, demoxazepam, diazepam, flumazenil, flurazepam, halazepam, midazolam, nordazepam, medazepam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, prazepam, quazepam, triazolam, temazepam, loprazolam, or any pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, and any combinations thereof.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the benzodiazepine drug is diazepam, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution contains about 1 to about 20% (w/v) of benzodiazepine.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the solution contains about 1 to about 20% (w/v) of diazepam.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more natural or synthetic tocopherols or tocotrienols are selected from the group consisting of: α-tocopherol,β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, β- tocotrienol, γ- tocotrienol, δ-tocotrienol, tocophersolan, any isomers thereof, any esters thereof, any analogs or derivatives thereof, and any combinations thereof.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution contains ethanol from 1 to 25% (w/v) and benzyl alcohol from 1 to 25% (w/v).

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the benzodiazepine drug is present in the pharmaceutical solution in a concentration of from about 10 mg/mL to about 250 mg/mL.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the benzodiazepine drug is present in the pharmaceutical solution in a concentration of from about 20 mg/mL to about 50 mg/mL.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more natural or synthetic tocopherols or tocotrienols, or any combinations thereof, is in an amount from about 45% to about 85% (w/w).

12. The method claim 11 , wherein the one or more natural or synthetic tocopherols or tocotrienols, or any combinations thereof, is in an amount from about 60% to about 75% (w/w).

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ethanol and benzyl alcohol is in a combined amount from about 15% to about 55% (w/w).

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the ethanol and benzyl alcohol is in a combined amount from about 25% to about 40% (w/w).

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises ethanol from 10 to 22.5% (w/v) and benzyl alcohol from 7.5 to 12.5% (w/v).

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is in a pharmaceutically-acceptable spray formulation.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the benzodiazepine is administered in a therapeutically effective amount from about 1 mg to about 20 mg.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said pharmaceutical solution is in a pharmaceutically-acceptable spray formulation having volume from about 10 μL to about 200 μL.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administration of the pharmaceutical solution comprises spraying at least a portion of the therapeutically effective amount of the benzodiazepine into at least one nostril.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administration of the pharmaceutical solution comprises spraying at least a portion of the therapeutically effective amount of the benzodiazepine into each nostril.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the administration of the pharmaceutical solution comprises spraying a first quantity of the pharmaceutical solution into the first nostril, spraying a second quantity of the pharmaceutical solution into a second nostril, and optionally after a pre-selected time delay, spraying a third quantity of the pharmaceutical solution into the first nostril.

22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising, optionally after a pre-selected time delay, administering at least a fourth quantity of the pharmaceutical solution to the second nostril.

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein nasal administration of the pharmaceutical solution begins at any time before or after onset of symptoms of a disorder which is treatable with the pharmaceutical solution.

24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution contains at least about 0.01% (w/w) of an alkyl glycoside.

25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the solution contains about 0.01% to 1% (w/w) of an alkyl glycoside.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the solution contains about 0.01% to 1% (w/w) of dodecyl maltoside.

27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution consists of diazepam, vitamin E, ethanol, benzyl alcohol and dodecyl maltoside.

28. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution consists of about 56.47% (w/v) vitamin E, about 10.5% (w/v) benzyl alcohol, about 10% (w/v) diazepam, about 0.25%(w/v) dodecyl maltoside, q.s. dehydrated ethanol.

29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution consists of diazepam, alkyl glycoside, vitamin E, ethanol, and benzyl alcohol.

30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution consists of diazepam from 5 to 15% (w/v), dodecyl maltoside from about 0.01 to 1% (w/v) , vitamin E from 45 to 65% (w/v), ethanol from 10 to 25% (w/v) and benzyl alcohol from 5 to 15% (w/v).

31. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution consists of diazepam from 5 to 15% (w/v), dodecyl maltoside from 0.01 to 1% (w/v), vitamin E from 45 to 65% (w/v), ethanol from 10 to 25% (w/v)and benzyl alcohol from 5 to 15% (w/v).

32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution consists of diazepam from 9 to 11% (w/v), dodecyl maltoside from 0.1 to 0.5% (w/v), vitamin E from 50 to 60% (w/v), ethanol from 15 to 22.5% (w/v) and benzyl alcohol from 7.5 to 12.5% (w/v).

33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution consists of diazepam 10% (w/v), dodecyl maltoside from 0.15 to 0.3% (w/v), vitamin E from 50 to 60% (w/v), ethanol from 17 to 20% (w/v) and benzyl alcohol from 10 to 12% (w/v).

34. The method of claim 1 , wherein said treatment achieves bioavailability that is from about 80 to 125% of that achieved with the same benzodiazepine administered intravenously.

35. The method of claim 34 , wherein said treatment achieves bioavailability that is from about 90 to 110% of that achieved with the same benzodiazepine administered intravenously.

36. The method of claim 35 , wherein said treatment achieves bioavailability that is from about 92.5 to 107.5% that obtained with the same benzodiazepine administered intravenously.