Secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, and electric power storage system

1. A secondary battery comprising:

a cathode including a lithium-oxygen-containing compound;

an anode; and

non-aqueous electrolytic solution including one or more first anions represented by Formula (1) or Formula (1)′,

B(XY) x F y R z -  (1)

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group and a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group,

Y is a cyano group (—C≡N),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z>0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)>1,

B(XY) x F y R z -  (1)′

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group, a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group, and nothing,

Y is an isocyano group (—N+≡C—),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z≥0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)≥1.

2. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein

the divalent chain hydrocarbon group is an alkylene group,

the divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group is a group obtained by substituting one or more fluorine groups (—F) for one or more hydrogen groups (—H) in the alkylene group,

the monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group is one of a group obtained by substituting one or more fluorine groups for one or more hydrogen groups in an alkyl group, a group obtained by substituting one or more fluorine groups for one or more hydrogen groups in an alkenyl group, and a group obtained by substituting one or more fluorine groups for one or more hydrogen groups in an alkynyl group, and

the monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group is one of a group obtained by substituting one or more fluorine groups for one or more hydrogen groups in an aryl group, and a group obtained by substituting one or more fluorine groups for one or more hydrogen groups in a cycloalkyl group.

3. The secondary battery according to claim 2 , wherein

the alkylene group has carbon number from 1 to 4 both inclusive,

the alkyl group has carbon number from 1 to 4 both inclusive,

the alkenyl group and the alkynyl group each have carbon number from 2 to 4 both inclusive, and

the aryl group and the cycloalkyl group each have carbon number from 6 to 18 both inclusive.

4. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein

the divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group is a perfluoroalkylene group,

the monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group is one of a perfluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkenyl group, and a perfluoroalkynyl group, and

the monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group is one of a perfluoroaryl group and a perfluorocycloalkyl group.

5. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein includes one or more of B(NC)2F(CF3)-, B(NC)F2(CF3)-, B(NC)F(CF3)2-, B(NC)2F(C2F5)-, B(NC)F2(C2F5)-, and B(NC)F(C2F5)2-.

6. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolytic solution includes alkali metal ion, alkaline-earth metal ion, or both as a cation.

7. The secondary battery according to claim 6 , wherein the cation includes lithium ion (Li+).

8. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein

the non-aqueous electrolytic solution includes one or more second anions excluding the first anions, and

the one or more second anions each include fluorine (F) as a constituent element.

9. The secondary battery according to claim 8 , wherein the one or more second anions include one or more of hexafluorophosphate ion (PF6-), tetrafluoroborate ion (BF4-), hexafluoroarsenate ion (AsF6-), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ion (CF3SO3-), hexafluorosilicate ion (Li2SiF6-), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion (N(FSO2)2-), and ions represented by respective Formulas (5) to (10),

where M41 is one of transition metal elements, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, and Group 15 elements in long form of periodic table,

R41 is a halogen group,

Y41 is one of —C(═O)—R42-C(═O)—, —C(═O)—CR432-, and —C(═O)—C(═O)—,

R42 is one of an alkylene group, a halogenated alkylene group, an arylene group, and a halogenated arylene group,

R43 is one of an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, and a halogenated aryl group,

a4 is an integer from 1 to 4 both inclusive, and

b4 is an integer of one of 0, 2, and 4,

where X51 is one of Group 1 elements and Group 2 elements in the long form of the periodic table,

M51 is one of transition metal elements, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, and Group 15 elements in the long form of the periodic table,

Y51 is one of —C(═O)—(CR512)b5-C(═O)—, —R532C—(CR522)c5-C(═O)—, —R532C—(CR522)c5-CR532-, —R532C—(CR522)c5-S(═O)2-, —S(═O)2-(CR522)d5-S(═O)2-, and —C(═O)—(CR522)d5-S(═O)2,

R51 and R53 are each one of a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group, and a halogenated alkyl group,

R51, R53, or both are each one of a halogen group and a halogenated alkyl group,

R52 is one of a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group, and a halogenated alkyl group, and

a5 is an integer of one of 1 and 2,

where X61 is one of Group 1 elements and Group 2 elements in the long form of the periodic table,

M61 is one of transition metal elements, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, and Group 15 elements in the long form of the periodic table,

Rf is one of a fluorinated alkyl group and a fluorinated aryl group, and has carbon number from 1 to 10 both inclusive,

Y61 is one of —C(═O)—(CR612)d6-C(═O)—, —R622C—(CR612)d6-C(═O)—, —R622C—(CR612)d6-CR622-, —R622C—(CR612)d6-S(═O)2-, —S(═O)2-(CR612)e6-S(═O)2-, and —C(═O)—(CR612)e6-S(═O)2-,

R61 is one of a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group, and a halogenated alkyl group,

R62 is one of a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, a halogen group, and a halogenated alkyl group,

at least one of R62s is one of the halogen group and the halogenated alkyl group,

a6 is an integer of one of 1 and 2, and

b6 and c6 are each an integer from 1 to 4 both inclusive,

N(C m F2 m +1SO2)(C n F2 n +1SO2)-  (8)

where m and n are each an integer of 1 or larger,

where R71 is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having carbon number from 2 to 4 both inclusive,

C(C p F2 p +1SO2)(C q F2 q +1SO2)(C r F2 r +1SO2)-  (10)

where p, q, and r are each an integer of 1 or larger.

10. The secondary battery according to claim 9 , wherein

the anion represented by Formula (5) includes one or more of anions represented by respective Formulas (5-1) to (5-5),

the anion represented by Formula (6) includes one or more of anions represented by respective Formulas (6-1) to (6-8),

the anion represented by Formula (7) includes an anion represented by Formula (7-1),

the anion represented by Formula (8) includes one or more of bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ion (N(CF3 SO2)2-), bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide ion (N(C2F5SO2)2-), (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) fluoroethanesulfonyl) (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide ion (N(CF3SO2)(C2F5SO2)-), (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (heptafluoropropanesulfonyl) imide ion (N(CF3SO2)(C3F7SO2)-), and (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) imide ion (N(CF3SO2)(C4F9SO2)-),

the anion represented by Formula (9) includes one or more anions represented by respective Formulas (9-1) to (9-4), and

the anion represented by Formula (10) includes tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide ion (C(CF3SO2)3-).

11. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium-oxygen-containing compound includes, as a constituent element, lithium (Li), oxygen (O), and one or more elements belonging to Groups 2 to 15 in long form of periodic table.

12. The secondary battery according to claim 11 , wherein the lithium-oxygen-containing compound includes one or more of compounds represented by respective Formulas (11) to (15),

Li a 1Mn(1 −b 1 −c 1)Ni bi M1 c 1O(2 −d 1)Fe1  (11)

where M1 is one or more of cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), aluminum, boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and tungsten (W),

a1 to e1 satisfy 0.8≤a1≤1.2, 0<b1<0.5, 0≤c1≤0.5, (b1+c1)<1, −0.1≤d1≤0.2, and 0≤e1≤0.1, and

a composition of lithium differs depending on a charged-discharged state, and a1 is a value in a completely-discharged state,

Li a 2Ni(1 −b 2)M2 b 2O(2 −c 2)F d 2  (12)

where M2 is one or more of cobalt, manganese (Mn), magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten,

a2 to d2 satisfy 0.8≤a2≤1.2, 0.005≤b2≤0.5, −0.1≤c2≤0.2, and 0≤d2≤0.1, and

a composition of lithium differs depending on the charged-discharged state, and a2 is a value in the completely-discharged state,

Li a 3Co(1 −b 3)M3 b 3O(2 −c 3)F d 3  (13)

where M3 is one or more of nickel (Ni), manganese, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten,

a3 to d3 satisfy 0.8≤a3≤1.2, 0≤b3<0.5, −0.1≤c3≤0.2, and 0≤d3≤0.1, and

a composition of lithium differs depending on the charged-discharged state, and a3 is a value in the completely-discharged state,

Li a 4Mn(2 −b 4)M4 b 4O c 4F d 4  (14)

where M4 is one or more of cobalt, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, calcium, strontium, and tungsten,

a4 to d4 satisfy 0.9≤a4≤1.1, 0≤b4≤0.6, 3.7≤c4≤4.1, and 0≤d4≤0.1, and

a composition of lithium differs depending on the charged-discharged state, and a4 is a value in the completely-discharged state,

Li a 5M5PO4  (15)

where M5 is one or more of cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, boron, titanium, vanadium, niobium (Nb), copper, zinc, molybdenum, calcium, strontium, tungsten, and zirconium (Zr),

a5 satisfies 0.9≤a5≤1.1,

a composition of lithium differs depending on the charged-discharged state, and a5 is a value in the completely-discharged state.

13. The secondary battery according to claim 12 , wherein

the compounds represented by respective Formulas (11) to (13) each include one or more of LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiCo0.98Al0.01Mg0.01O2, LiNi0.5 Co0.2Mn0.3O2, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2, Li1.2Mn0.52Co0.175Ni0.1O2, and Li1.15(Mn0.65Ni0.22Co0.13)O2,

the compound represented by Formula (14) includes LiMn2O4, and

the compound represented by Formula (15) includes one or more of LiFePO4, LiMnPO4, LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4, and LiFe0.3Mn0.7PO4.

14. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery.

15. A battery pack comprising:

a secondary battery;

a control section configured to control operation of the secondary battery; and

a switch section configured to switch the operation of the secondary battery according to an instruction of the control section,

the secondary battery including

a cathode including a lithium-oxygen-containing compound,

an anode, and

non-aqueous electrolytic solution including one or more first anions represented by Formula (1) or Formula (1)′,

B(XY) x F y R z -  (1)

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group and a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group,

Y is a cyano group (—C≡N),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z>0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)>1,

B(XY) x F y R z -  (1)′

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group, a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group, and nothing,

Y is an isocyano group (—N+≡C—),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z≥0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)≥1.

16. An electric vehicle comprising:

a secondary battery;

a conversion section configured to convert electric power supplied from the secondary battery into drive power;

a drive section configured to operate according to the drive power; and

a control section configured to control operation of the secondary battery,

the secondary battery including

a cathode including a lithium-oxygen-containing compound,

an anode, and

non-aqueous electrolytic solution including one or more first anions represented by Formula (1) or Formula (1)′,

B(XY) x F y R z -  (1)

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group and a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group,

Y is a cyano group (—C≡N),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z>0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)≥1,

(XY) x F y R z -  (1)′

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group, a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group, and nothing,

Y is an isocyano group (—N+≡C—),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z≥0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)≥1.

17. An electric power storage system comprising:

a secondary battery;

one or more electric devices configured to be supplied with electric power from the secondary battery; and

a control section configured to control the supplying of the electric power from the secondary battery to the one or more electric devices,

the secondary battery including

a cathode including a lithium-oxygen-containing compound,

an anode, and

non-aqueous electrolytic solution including one or more first anions represented by Formula (1) or Formula (1)′,

B(XY) x F y R z -  (1)

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group and a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group,

Y is a cyano group (—C≡N),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z>0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)>1,

B(XY) x F y R z -  (1)′

where X is one of a divalent chain hydrocarbon group, a divalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group, and nothing,

Y is an isocyano group (—N+≡C—),

R is one of a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group and a monovalent fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbon group, and

x to z are integers that satisfy x=1 or 2, y≥1, z≥0, (x+y+z)=4, and (y+z)≥1.