Electrically-conductive articles with electrically-conductive metallic connectors
View Patent ↗Electrically-conductive articles are prepared to have electrically-conductive metallic grids and electrically-conductive metallic connectors (BUS lines) on one or both supporting sides of a transparent substrate. The electrically-conductive metallic connectors are designed with one metallic main wire that comprises two or more adjacent metallic micro-wires in bundled patterns. These bundled patterns and metallic micro-wires are designed with specific dimensions and configurations to provide optimal fidelity (or correspondence) to the mask image used to provide such patterns. The electrically-conductive articles can be prepared using various manufacturing technologies and can be used as parts of various electronic devices including touch screen devices. The electrically-conductive metallic grids and connectors can be prepared and designed using various technologies that are amenable to obtaining very fine lines in predetermined patterns.
1. An electrically-conductive article comprising a transparent substrate having a first supporting side and an opposing second supporting side, and comprising on the first supporting side:
(a) an electrically-conductive metallic grid,
(b) an electrically-conductive metallic connector that is electrically connected to the electrically-conductive metallic grid,
wherein:
(i) the electrically-conductive metallic connector comprises at least one metallic main wire that comprises two or more metallic micro-wires that are electrically connected to a metallic end wire at an end of the at least one metallic main wire, the two or more metallic micro-wires and the metallic end wire in the at least one metallic main wire forming a bundled pattern;
(ii) the average length of each metallic micro-wire is at least 1 mm; and
(iii) the electrically-conductive metallic connector has an integrated transmittance of less than 68%,
and optionally,
(c) transparent regions outside of both the electrically-conductive metallic grid and the electrically-conductive metallic connector.
2. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein:
(iv) for each metallic micro-wire, the ratio of maximum height to minimum height is at least 1.05:1.
3. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein:
(v) the ratio of the average width of each metallic micro-wire to the average distance between two adjacent metallic micro-wires in each bundled pattern is at least 0.5:1 but less than 2:1.
4. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein the electrically-conductive metallic connector comprises at least two adjacent metallic main wires, and the average distance between the at least two adjacent metallic main wires is greater than the average distance between any two adjacent metallic micro-wires in each bundled pattern.
5. The electrically-conductive article of claim 4 , wherein the average distance between any two adjacent metallic micro-wires in each bundled pattern is at least 2 μm and up to and including 10 μm.
6. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 further comprising on the opposing second supporting side of the transparent substrate:
(a) an opposing electrically-conductive metallic grid,
(b) an opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector that is electrically connected to the opposing electrically-conductive metallic grid,
wherein:
(i) the opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector comprises at least one metallic main wire that comprises two or more metallic micro-wires that are electrically connected to a metallic end wire at an end of the at least one metallic main wire, the two or more metallic micro-wires and the metallic end wire in the at least one metallic main wire forming a bundled pattern;
(ii) the average length of each metallic micro-wire is at least 1 mm; and
(iii) the opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector has an integrated transmittance of less than 68%,
and optionally,
(c) transparent regions outside of both the opposing electrically-conductive metallic grid and the opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector.
7. The electrically-conductive article of claim 6 , wherein, in the opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector:
(iv) for each metallic micro-wire, the ratio of maximum height to minimum height is at least 1.05:1.
8. The electrically-conductive article of claim 6 , wherein, in the opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector:
(v) the ratio of the average width of each metallic micro-wire to the average distance between two adjacent metallic micro-wires in each bundled pattern is at least 0.5:1 but less than 2:1.
9. The electrically-conductive article of claim 6 , wherein the opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector comprises at least two adjacent metallic main wires, and the average distance between the at least two adjacent metallic main wires is greater than the average distance between any two adjacent metallic micro-wires in each bundled pattern.
10. The electrically-conductive article of claim 9 , wherein the average distance between any two adjacent metallic micro-wires in each bundled pattern in the opposing electrically-conductive metallic connector is at least 2 μm and up to and including 10 μm.
11. The electrically-conductive article of claim 6 , wherein the transparent substrate is a continuous polymeric web.
12. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein for each metallic micro-wire, the ratio of maximum height to minimum height is at least 1.1:1.
13. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein at least one metallic micro-wire has a maximum height that is the same as its center height.
14. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein at least one metallic micro-wire has a maximum height that is closer to its outer edge than to its center height.
15. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein each metallic micro-wire has a ratio of maximum height to average height of at least 1.05:1.
16. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein the average width of each metallic micro-wire is at least 5 μm and up to and including 20 μm.
17. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein each bundled pattern comprises at least one metallic cross-wire between adjacent metallic micro-wires that is not at the end of the adjacent metallic micro-wires.
18. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein each bundled pattern comprises multiple metallic cross-wires in a set of adjacent metallic micro-wires that are offset from multiple metallic cross-wires in an adjacent set of adjacent metallic micro-wires.
19. The electrically-conductive article of claim 18 , wherein each of the multiple metallic cross-wires is substantially non-perpendicular to the adjacent metallic micro-wires.
20. The electrically-conductive article of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the average width of each metallic micro-wire to the average distance between two adjacent metallic micro-wires in each bundled pattern is at least 1:1 and up to and including 2:1.
21. A touch screen device comprising the electrically-conductive article of claim 1 .